. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2017 Feb;54(1):145–173. doi: 10.1007/s13524-016-0540-4

Table 6.

Short-term net and total social reproduction effects

	Social Reproduction Effect		Mobility Probability Ratios
	Net Effect	Total Effect	Mobility Probability Ratios
Parents
One-sex (father)	2.132	2.132	2.448
One-sex (mother)	1.917	1.917	2.468
Two-sex	1.063	1.063	2.943
Grandparents
One-sex (grandfather)	1.123	1.307	1.234
One-sex (grandmother)	1.129	1.088	1.135
Two-sex	0.438	0.674	1.410

Notes: For the net social reproduction effect, we compare parents (or grandparents) who are college graduates with those who are high school graduates in producing college offspring (or grandchildren). For the total effect of grandparents, we compare grandparents who are college graduates with those who are high school graduates in producing college grandchildren. For the mobility probability ratios, we calculate the ratio between the probability of finishing college by having college parents rather than high school parents (or college grandparents and high school parents versus high school grandparents and parents). These figures are calculated based on Eqs. (3), (4), (5), (9), (10), and (11).

Source: Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 1968–2013.