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Schematic model of JNK- and IKKα-mediated regulation of Akt signaling in macrophages. Note the red errors indicating JNK1-mediated suppression and IKKα related activation of Akt signaling. ER, endoplasmic reticulum; IKK, IκB kinase; JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog.
