Automated ECL Immunoarray: (A) microprocessor-controlled microfluidic immunoarray featuring a 30 microwell SWCNT modified detection array fed with sample/immunore-agents from a reagent cassette (red) using inexpensive micro-pumps. (B) automated immunoassay steps that are controlled by a microprocessor. ECL results (C–D) for a panel of four cancer biomarkers, IL-6, PF4, PSMA, PSA, at different target protein concentrations and E-H showing corresponding immunoassay calibration curves for IL-6, PF4, PSA, and PSMA. Adapted from ref. 92. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society.