Table 3.
Multivariable-Adjusted Associations of Sex and Coronary Flow Reserve with Cardiovascular Events
| Female Sex | Coronary Flow Reserve* | Model Statistics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Sequential Models for Total Cardiovascular Events | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
P | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
P | LR Chi-Square |
P† |
|
| ||||||
| Multivariable Model 1 | ||||||
| Traditional Clinical Factors | 2.21 (1.13–4.31) | 0.02 | 34.45 | <0.001 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Multivariable Model 2 | ||||||
| +Invasive Factors | 2.05 (1.05–4.02) | 0.03 | 47.58 | 0.02 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Multivariable Model 3 | ||||||
| +Coronary Flow Reserve | 1.81 (0.91–3.59) | 0.10 | 1.69 (1.04–2.76) | 0.03 | 52.45 | 0.03 |
|
| ||||||
| +Interaction (CFR* * Sex) | 0.04‡ | 112.07 | <0.001 | |||
| for CFR = 2.0 | 1.14 (0.49–2.72) | |||||
| for CFR = 1.6 | 1.69 (0.81–3.50) | |||||
| for CFR= 1.2 | 2.49 (1.16–5.38) | |||||
Cl indicates confidence interval.
Indicates coronary flow reserve (CFR, per -1 unit).
Indicates p value for likelihood ratio (LR) test between sequential models. First value is for comparison of multivariable Model 1 to univariate analysis of female sex.
Indicates p value for interaction. Estimated effects by level of CFR were obtained from the linear interaction of CFR and sex.
Model 1: adjusted for nonwhite race; pretest clinical score (includes age); history of percutaneous coronary intervention, hypertension, and insulin use; BMI >27 kg/nf; LVEF <50%; and LV ischemia >10%.
Model 2: adjusted for nonwhite race; pretest clinical score (includes age); history of percutaneous coronary intervention, hypertension, and insulin use; BMI >27 kg/nf; LVEF <50%; and LV ischemia >10%; coronary artery disease prognostic Index; and time-dependent revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting within 90 days of noninvasive imaging.
Model 3: adjusted for nonwhite race; pretest clinical score (includes age); history of percutaneous coronary intervention, hypertension, and insulin use; BMI >27 kg/nF; LVEF <50%; and LV ischemia >10%; coronary artery disease prognostic Index; time-dependent revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting within 90 days of noninvasive imaging; and CFR.