. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Calcif Tissue Int. 2017 Feb 28;101(1):75–81. doi: 10.1007/s00223-017-0257-4

Table 3.

Mechanical properties of femoral diaphysis

	VEH	ZOL	ZOL + RAL-Low	ZOL + RAL High	ANOVA P value
Yield Force (N)	19 ± 6	21 ± 7	19 ± 8	20 ± 8	0.8524
Ultimate Force (N)	28 ± 4	32 ± 3 ^*	33 ± 4 ^*	33 ± 5 ^*	0.0002
Displacement to Yield (mm)	175 ± 64	174 ± 62	146 ± 42	160 ± 55	0.3228
Post-yield Displacement (mm)	314 ± 193	269 ± 144	405 ± 144 ^#	402 ± 145 ^#	0.0162
Total Displacement (mm)	490 ± 192	443 ± 108	552 ± 130 ^#	561 ± 115 ^#	0.0276
Stiffness (N/mm)	142 ± 28	147 ± 26	152 ± 29	153 ± 24	0.5433
Work to Yield (mJ)	2.0 ± 1.2	2.1 ± 1.3	1.7 ± 1.0	2.0 ± 1.2	0.6483
Post-yield Work (mJ)	7.4 ± 4.2	7.4 ± 3.6	11.0 ± 3.9 ^*^#	11.3 ± 4.2 ^*^#	0.0010
Total Work (mJ)	9.4 ± 4.2	9.5 ± 3.1	12.6 ± 3.6 ^*^#	13.3 ± 3.8 ^*^#	0.0008
Yield Stress (MPa)	55 ± 10	54 ± 19	48 ± 21	54 ± 20	0.6869
Ultimate Stress (MPa)	77 ± 10	83 ± 11	83 ± 11	88 ± 9 ^*	0.0136
Strain to Yield (με)	14841 ± 5785	15549 ± 5548	12992 ± 3637	13756 ± 5117	0.4010
Total Strain (με)	41087 ± 15956	39714 ± 10518	49962 ± 14267 ^*^#	48146 ± 10511 ^#	0.0343
Modulus (GPa)	4.73 ± 0.9	4.28 ± 1.0	4.39 ± 1.2	4.79 ± 1.0	0.3221
Resilience (MPa)	0.47 ± 0.27	0.48 ± 0.27	0.38 ± 0.23	0.45 ± 0.27	0.2871
Toughness (MPa)	2.25 ± 1.10	2.18 ± 0.76	2.84 ± 0.77 ^*^#	3.03 ± 0.86 ^*^#	0.0050

Data presented as means and standard deviations. VEH, vehicle; ZOL, zoledronate; RAL-L, raloxifene 0.5 mg/kg; RAL-H, raloxifene 2.0 mg/kg.

vs VEH;

vs ZOL.