Table 1.

Selected ongoing clinical trials using oncolytic viruses.

Virus	Name	Mods/effect	Tumor	Phase	Route	Combination	Trial ID
Adenovirus	DNX-2401	Enhance viral tumor entry: Δ24-RGD insertion	Glioma, gliosarcoma	I	IT	IFN-γ	NCT02197169
				II	IT	Pembrolizumab	NCT02798406
			Glioma	I	IT	Temozolomide	NCT01956734
	VCN-01	Enhance intratumoral distribution: PH20 hyaluronidase insertion	Pancreas	I	IT	Gemcitabine + Abraxane	NCT02045589
			Solid tumors	I	IV	Gemcitabine + Abraxane	NCT02045602
	Colo-Ad1	Increase tumor specificity: Chimeric Ad11/3 group B	Ovarian	I/II	IP	–	NCT02028117
			Solid tumors	I	IV	Nivolumab	NCT02636036
				I/II	IV	–	NCT02028442
	AdV-tk	Increased tumor sensitivity to drug: TK insertion	MPE	I	IPl	–	NCT01997190
			Pediatric (brain)	I	IT	RT + Valcyclovir	NCT00634231
			Pancreas	I/II	IT	Gemcitabine + RT + mFOLFIRINOX	NCT02446093
			Prostate	II/III	IT	Valcyclovir	NCT02768363
				III	IT	RT + Valcyclovir	NCT01436968
	Oncos-102	Enhance viral tumor entry and immune activation: Δ24-RGD-GM-CSF insertion	Melanoma	I	IT	CPA + Pembrolizumab	NCT03003676
			Mesothelioma	II	IPl	Carboplatin/Paclitaxel + CPA	NCT02879669
			Solid tumors	I	IP	Durvalumab	NCT02963831
	CG0070	Immune activation: GM-CSF insertion and E3 deletion	Bladder	III	Intravesicular	–	NCT02365818
Coxsackie	CVA21	None	Lung (NSLC)	I	IV	Pembrolizumab	NCT02824965
			Melanoma	I	IT	Ipilimumab	NCT02307149
					IT	Pembrolizumab	NCT02043665
			Solid tumors	I	IV	Pembrolizumab	NCT02043665
Herpes simplex	Talminogene laherparepvec	Decreased virulence and prolong viral replication: ICP34.5 deletion, US11 deletion, GM-CSF insertion	Breast	I/II	IT	Paclitaxel	NCT02779855
				II	IT	–	NCT02658812
			H/N	I	IT	Pembrolizumab	NCT02626000
			HCC, Liver Mets	I	IT	–	NCT02509507
			Lymphoma	II	IT	Nivolumab	NCT02978625
			Melanoma	I/II	IT	Ipilimumab	NCT01740297
				II	IT	RT	NCT02819843
						–	NCT02366195
						–	NCT02211131
						Pembrolizumab	NCT02965716
				III	IT	–	NCT02297529
						Pembrolizumab	NCT02263508
			Pediatric	I	IT	–	NCT02756845
			Sarcoma	I/II	IT	RT	NCT02453191
				II	IT	RT	NCT02923778
	HF-10	Decreased virulence: UL56 deletion, single partial UL52	Melanoma	II	IT	Ipilimumab	NCT02272855
			Solid tumors	I	IT	–	NCT02428036
	HSV1716	Decreased virulence: ICP34.5 deletion	Mesothelioma	I/II	IPl	–	NCT01721018
			Pediatric	I	IT/IV	–	NCT00931931
	G207	Decreased virulence: ICP34.5 deletion, UL39 disruption	Pediatric (brain)	I	IT	RT	NCT02457845
Maraba	MG1	Tumor antigen to enhance antitumor immune activity: MAGE-A3	Lung (NSCLC)	I/II	IM	AdMA3 Vaccine + Pembrolizumab	NCT02879760
			Solid tumors	I/II	IM	AdMA3 vaccine	NCT02285816
Reovirus	Reolysin	None	Bladder	I	IT	Gemcitabine + Cisplatin	NCT02723838
			Breast	II	IV	Paclitaxel	NCT01656538
			Colorectal	I	IV	FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab	NCT01274624
				II	IV	FOLFOX + Bevacizumab	NCT01622543
			Myeloma	I	IV	Bortezomib + Dexamethasone	NCT02514382
						Lenalidomide or Pomalidomide	NCT03015922
			Pancreas	I	IV	Pembrolizumab + Chemo	NCT02620423
				II	IV	Carboplatin + Paclitaxel	NCT01280058
			Pediatric (brain)	I	IV	GM-CSF	NCT02444546
			Solid tumors	II	IV	Paclitaxel	NCT01199263
Vaccinia	GL-ONC1	Increased tumor sensitivity to drug and reduced virulence: TK disruption, hemagglutinin disruption, F14.5L disruption	MPE	I	IPl	–	NCT01766739
			Ovarian	I	IP	–	NCT02759588
			Solid tumors	I	IV	Eculizumab	NCT02714374
	JX-594	Immune activation and increased tumor sensitivity to drug: GM-CSF insertion, TK disruption	Breast, sarcoma	I/II	IV	CPA	NCT02630368
			HCC	III	IT	Sorafenib	NCT02562755
			Solid tumors	I	IT	Ipilimumab	NCT02977156
	PROSTVAC	Tumor antigen to enhance antitumor immune activity: PSA, LFA-3, ICAM-1, B7.1 additions	Prostate	I/II	SC	Nivolumab and/or Ipilimumab	NCT02933255
				II	SC	–	NCT02326805
						–	NCT02649439
						–	NCT02772562
						Ipilimumab	NCT02506114
						Docetaxel + Prednisone	NCT01145508
						Docetaxel	NCT02649855
						Flutamide	NCT00450463
						–	NCT02153918
						Enzalutamide	NCT01867333
							NCT01875250
				III	SC	GM-CSF	NCT01322490
Vesicular stomatitis	VSV-IFNβ-NIS	Increased tumor specificity and enhanced sensitivity to radiotherapy: IFN-β + NIS	Hematologic malignancy	I	IV	–	NCT03017820
			Solid tumors	I	IV	–	NCT02923466

CPA, cyclophosphamide; IM, intramuscular; IP, intraperitoneal; IPl, intrapleural; IT, intratumoral; IV, intravenous; MPE, malignant pleural effusion; SC, subcutaneous; RT, radiotherapy.