. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 15.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2017 Mar 28;140(12):2648–2656. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30683

Table 2.

HR¹ and 95% CI for the Associations of Overall Glycemic and Insulin Scores with CRC Mortality by Tumor Molecular Markers

Marker Status			CRC mortality

	Death/person-years	Glycemic Index	Glycemic Load	Insulin Index	Insulin Load
All CRC patients
Univariable	266/10235	1.03 (0.90, 1.17)	1.09 (0.97, 1.23)	1.18 (1.04, 1.34)^*	1.14 (1.01, 1.28)^*
Multivariable²	266/10235	1.02 (0.89, 1.16)	1.10 (0.94, 1.29)	1.19 (1.02, 1.38)^*	1.23 (1.04, 1.47)^*

IRS1 expression
(−)
Univariable	99/3491	0.96 (0.78, 1.18)	0.98 (0.79, 1.20)	1.14 (0.93, 1.40)	0.98 (0.80, 1.21)
Multivariable²	99/3491	0.97 (0.77, 1.22)	1.06 (0.80, 1.42)	1.15 (0.90, 1.47)	1.21 (0.90, 1.63)
(+)
Univariable	33/1409	0.98 (0.67, 1.45)	1.50 (1.01, 2.25)^*	1.15 (0.77, 1.71)	1.52 (1.01, 2.28)^*
Multivariable²	33/1409	1.05 (0.69, 1.59)	1.50 (0.94, 2.41)	1.22 (0.74, 2.02)	1.44 (0.82, 2.53)

IRS2 expression
(−)
Univariable	91/3437	1.04 (0.84, 1.29)	1.08 (0.87, 1.36)	1.15 (0.92, 1.43)	1.06 (0.84, 1.33)
Multivariable²	91/3437	1.03 (0.82, 1.29)	1.21 (0.88, 1.68)	1.13 (0.86, 1.49)	1.19 (0.85, 1.67)
(+)
Univariable	41/1503	0.93 (0.68, 1.27)	1.14 (0.84, 1.56)	1.22 (0.90, 1.66)	1.20 (0.89, 1.61)
Multivariable²	41/1503	0.98 (0.70, 1.38)	1.12 (0.77, 1.62)	1.27 (0.88, 1.83)	1.36 (0.91, 2.05)

KRAS mutation
(−)
Univariable	123/5195	1.01 (0.83, 1.23)	0.93 (0.78, 1.11)	1.09 (0.90, 1.32)	1.04 (0.87, 1.24)
Multivariable²	123/5195	1.00 (0.81, 1.23)	1.01 (0.79, 1.29)	1.16 (0.92, 1.46)	1.26 (0.95, 1.66)
(+)
Univariable	108/3473	1.08 (0.88, 1.33)	1.26 (1.04, 1.53)^*	1.36 (1.11, 1.68)^**	1.30 (1.08, 1.56)^**
Multivariable²	108/3473	1.06 (0.86, 1.31)	1.21 (0.94, 1.56)	1.28 (1.00, 1.62)^*	1.29 (0.98, 1.69)

BRAF mutation
(−)
Univariable	205/7826	1.00 (0.86, 1.16)	1.05 (0.91, 1.21)	1.19 (1.02, 1.38)^*	1.13 (0.99, 1.30)
Multivariable²	205/7826	0.98 (0.83, 1.14)	1.03 (0.86, 1.24)	1.19 (1.00, 1.41)	1.23 (1.01, 1.50)^*
(+)
Univariable	29/1116	1.09 (0.72, 1.65)	1.23 (0.84, 1.81)	1.37 (0.93, 2.01)	1.40 (0.93, 2.10)
Multivariable²	29/1116	1.12 (0.72, 1.72)	1.49 (0.89, 2.50)	1.47 (0.93, 2.32)	1.81 (1.02, 3.21)^*

PIK3CA mutation
(−)
Univariable	177/6852	1.08 (0.92, 1.26)	1.16 (1.00, 1.35)	1.31 (1.12, 1.54)^***	1.21 (1.04, 1.41)^*
Multivariable²	177/6852	1.07 (0.91, 1.26)	1.23 (1.02, 1.49)^*	1.36 (1.13, 1.63)^**	1.45 (1.17, 1.79)^***
(+)
Univariable	40/1435	1.13 (0.78, 1.63)	0.93 (0.68, 1.27)	0.99 (0.71, 1.37)	0.99 (0.73, 1.33)
Multivariable²	40/1435	0.97 (0.66, 1.42)	0.65 (0.37, 1.16)	0.68 (0.42, 1.10)	0.63 (0.35, 1.12)

FASN expression
(−)
Univariable	81/2826	1.09 (0.87, 1.38)	0.96 (0.77, 1.21)	1.26 (1.01, 1.58)^*	1.07 (0.85, 1.33)
Multivariable²	81/2826	1.08 (0.84, 1.39)	1.32 (0.96, 1.80)	1.47 (1.12, 1.92)^**	1.60 (1.16, 2.22)^**
(+)
Univariable	114/4829	0.91 (0.74, 1.12)	1.02 (0.83, 1.25)	1.00 (0.81, 1.23)	1.01 (0.83, 1.24)
Multivariable²	114/4829	0.96 (0.78, 1.18)	0.95 (0.73, 1.22)	1.00 (0.79, 1.27)	1.06 (0.80, 1.40)

Nuclear CTNNB1 expression
(−)
Univariable	131/4385	0.98 (0.81, 1.18)	1.04 (0.87, 1.24)	1.19 (0.99, 1.44)	1.14 (0.96, 1.35)
Multivariable²	131/4385	1.00 (0.83, 1.21)	1.03 (0.81, 1.30)	1.19 (0.97, 1.47)	1.31 (1.02, 1.67)^*
(+)
Univariable	85/3702	1.13 (0.89, 1.42)	1.11 (0.90, 1.37)	1.14 (0.91, 1.43)	1.12 (0.89, 1.40)
Multivariable²	85/3702	1.06 (0.82, 1.37)	1.07 (0.81, 1.42)	1.02 (0.76, 1.38)	1.02 (0.73, 1.42)

Note: P for trend is marked as

if .01–<.05;

^**

if .001–<.01;

^***

if <.001

Note: Among tumor markers of which there is evidence of a significant association in the multivariable analysis at least in one stratum, P for interaction was > .12

HR is estimated for one standard deviation increase, which is 3.6 for overall glycemic index, 26.4 for overall glycemic load, 5.7 for overall insulin index, and 118.9 for overall insulin load.

Multivariable analysis was stratified by cancer stage (I, II, III, IV, missing) and questionnaire cycle (pre-diagnostic questionnaire, post-diagnostic questionnaire); adjusted for tumor grade (well-differentiated, poorly-differentiated), tumor location (right-sided, left-sided), age at diagnosis (as a continuous variable), year of diagnosis (as a continuous variable), sex, post-diagnosis values of BMI (as a continuous variable), physical activity (as a continuous variable), smoking status (never, ever), aspirin use (yes, no), alcohol intake (as a continuous variable), and fiber intake (as a continuous variable, for glycemic scores analysis).