Table 3.
Clinical characteristics including DECAF score and serum inflammatory biomarkers of COPD patients with exacerbation according to etiologies
| Clinical features | Virus n=6 (9.6%) |
Bacteria n=19 (30.6%) |
Coinfection n=10 (16.1%) |
Noninfectious n=27 (43.6) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years)* | 81.30 (6.9) | 79.00 (7.9) | 79.90 (4.8) | 77.95 (7.5) | 0.73 |
| Comorbid ≥2 disease, n (%) | 3 (50.0%) | 9 (47.3%) | 5 (50.0%) | 6 (22.2%) | 0.60 |
| ICS + LABA or ICS, n (%) | 5 (83.3%) | 16 (84.2%) | 10 (100%) | 22 (81.4%) | 0.58 |
| LAMA, n (%) | 3 (50.0%) | 10 (52.6%) | 5 (50%) | 14 (51.8%) | 0.39 |
| Oral long acting xanthine, n (%) | 4 (66.7%) | 9 (47.3%) | 2 (20%) | 15 (55%) | 0.66 |
| PaCO2 at ER (mmHg)# | 34.2 (9.0) | 41.1 (15.9) | 45.7 (9.9) | 47.3 (15.1) | 0.24 |
| Serum albumin (g/L)# | 29.1 (8.8) | 30.9 (8.0) | 25.0 (11.2) | 28.3 (6.7) | 0.38 |
| WBC count (cells/mm3)* | 11,930 (7,920–14,210) | 15,950 (6,500–40,480) | 11,725 (6,950–22,240) | 10,331 (5,099–20,000) | 0.25 |
| Eosinophil count (cells/mm3)* | 82 (0–399) | 216 (0–1,584) | 326 (0–1,024) | 112 (0–1,601) | 0.76 |
| DECAF* | 2.5 (2–5) | 3.0 (2–5) | 2.0 (1–4) | 2.0 (1–4) | 0.46 |
| PCT (ng/mL)* | 0.26 (0.07–18.48) | 0.30 (0.04–17.6) | 0.31 (0.05–1.63) | 0.09 (0.03–19.29) | 0.35 |
| CRP (mg/L)* | 37.46 (23.69–700.0) | 41.62 (4.16–274.8) | 34.24 (9.03–67.56) | 15.56 (1.0–238.5) | 0.45 |
Notes:
#
Data were presented as mean (SD) and
*
data were presented as median (range).
Abbreviations: DECAF, dyspnea, eosinopenia, consolidation, acidemia, and atrial fibrillation; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long acting β2 agonist; LAMA, long acting muscarinic antagonist; PaCO2, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; ER, emergency room; WBC, white blood cells; PCT, procalcitonin; CRP, C-reactive protein; SD, standard deviation.