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. 2017 May 30;8:15626. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15626

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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A typical single-shot spectrum of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) and the average spectrum of 1,800 pulses are shown. The free-electron laser (FEL) spectral bandwidth selected by the 70 μm wide monochromator exit slit is indicated in the inset. Individual longitudinal FEL modes have a significantly broader spectrum exemplified by the Gaussian fit, that is, the transmitted photon flux exhibits a high degree of longitudinal (temporal) coherence.