Table 1. Comparative characteristics of surgical approaches.

Characteristics	Laparoscopy group (n=40)	OpS group (n=48)	Endoscopy group (n=22)	Hybrid group (n=6)
Tumor localization
Stomach	36 (90%)	27 (56.3%)	21 (95.5%)	6 (100%)
Intestines	4 (10%)	22 (37.5%)	1 (4.5%)	0%
Extragastrointestinal	0%	3 (6.2%)	0%	0%
Size of removed specimen, mean ± SD (range), cm	4.9±0.8 [1.5–15]	9.1±2.0 [2–35]	2.3±0.3 [0.4–3.5]	3.5±0.8 [2–4.5]
R-0 resection	100%	100%	100%	100%
Postoperative mortality	0%	0%	0%	0%
Hospital stay, mean ± SD [range], day	11.4±2.2 [4–21]	13.8±2.2 [7–52]	11.9±2.1 [5–22]	11±3.2 [7–15]
Operative time, mean ± SD [range], min	104.7±12.7 [50–185]	160±20.4 [50–310]	89.8±15.5 [25–190]	176.7±44.0 [110–260]
Blood loss, mean ± SD [range], mL	63.9±16.0 [0–150]	369.7±209.5 [0–4,000]	33.3±11.0 [0–150]	96.7±44.3 [50–200]

OpS, open surgery.