Fig. 3.

Perturbations to the reference model. The Energy spender model was defined by a 30% increase in the maintenance expenditure for lean mass. The “Starved” model had decreased milk intake to 50% from age 40–80 days. The overfed and underfed models had +10% and −10% change in intake of breast milk. The over active model spent twice as much energy on physical activity. a Body weight. b z-scores of weight, the number of standard deviations from the mean. c Height. d z-scores of height