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Mechanobiological effects of shear stress.
| Markers | With increase in shear stress | References |
|---|---|---|
| ECM proteins | Collagen ↑, sGAG ↓, MMP-2, 9 ↑, TIMP-2 ↑, cathepsin-L ↓ on ventricularis | 81, 121 |
| Inflammation | ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 ↑ on fibrosa | 50, 100, 102 |
| Osteogenesis | BMP-2, 4 ↑, TGF-β ↑ on fibrosa, higher in BAVs | 50, 100, 102 |
| miRNA | LPS/IL-1 mediated inhibition of RXR function | 51 |
