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. 2017 Jun 6;7:2867. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03032-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantitative analysis of effect of rapamycin treatment on KA seizures induced fluorescence intensity, astrocyte number and morphological changes (astrocyte size, soma size and soma-to-astrocyte ratio) over a one-week period. (A) Changes in mean fluorescence intensity over a one-week period in Ctrl, Rap, KA, Pre-Rap + KA, and KA + Post-Rap groups. Starting from 4 hr after KA seizures, mean fluoroscence intensity increased significantly in KA group when compared to Ctrl, Rap, Pre-Rap + KA, and KA + Post-Rap groups. Both rapamycin pre- and post- treatment reversed the increase in fluorescence intensity. (*p < 0.05 compared with KA at 4 hr, 24 hr, 3 d and 1 wk, by repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttests). (B) Changes of astrocyte number over a one-week period in Ctrl, Rap, KA, Pre-Rap + KA, and KA + Post-Rap groups. There is no significant difference among the five groups in astrocytes number at all observed time-points (p > 0.05, by repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test). (C) Changes of astrocyte size during a one-week period in Ctrl, Rap, KA, Pre-Rap + KA, and KA + Post-Rap groups. Compared to Ctrl, Rap, Pre-Rap + KA, and KA + Post-Rap groups, astrocyte size decreased significantly at 1 wk after seizures in KA group. Both rapamycin pre- and post- treatment reversed the decrease of astrocyte size at 1 wk after seizures (*p < 0.05 compared with KA at 1 wk, by repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test). (D) Changes of soma size over a one-week period in Ctrl, Rap, KA, Pre-Rap + KA, and KA + Post-Rap groups. There is no significant difference among five groups in soma size at all observed time-points (p > 0.05, by repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test). (E) Changes of the ratio of soma-to-astrocyte during a one-week period in Ctrl, Rap, KA, Pre-Rap + KA, and KA + Post-Rap groups. The ratio decreased significantly in KA group when compared to Ctrl, Rap, Pre-Rap + KA, and KA + Post-Rap groups at 1 wk after seizures. Both rapamycin pre- and post-treatment reversed the ratio of soma-to-astrocyte at 1 wk after seizures (*p < 0.05 compared to KA at 1 wk by repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test).