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. 2017 Jun 6;7:2860. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03066-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Differences in microbiome composition among the placental and maternal oral populations. PCoA plots for placental (red) and maternal oral (blue) microbiome at different taxonomic levels. Differences in microbial composition between the placenta and oral samples were determined by Anosim statistic test. An R value close to 1.0 indicates total dissimilarity between the two groups. Significant differences between the placental and oral microbiome were reported at all taxa levels (p < 0.001).