Table 3.
Univariate analysis of weight loss maintenance at the 24-month follow-up
| Variable | Successful | Unsuccessful | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 27 | 59 | |
| Physical characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 50.9 ± 10.9 | 46.6 ± 11.5 | 0.11 |
| Pre BMI (kg/m2) | 31.4 ± 4.9 | 31.1 ± 4.8 | 0.82 |
| Pre BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (%) | 7.4 | 3.4 | 0.59 |
| Pre BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (%) | 14.8 | 18.6 | 0.77 |
| Pre BW (kg) | 75.7 ± 11.8 | 77.1 ± 12.4 | 0.62 |
| ∆ BW (kg) | −13.3 ± 5.7 | −9.2 ± 3.6 | 0.0001 |
| Social status (%) | |||
| Level of schooling, >12 years (%) | 51.9 | 45.8 | 0.60 |
| Employment status, working (%) | 44.4 | 64.4 | 0.10 |
| Marital status, married (%) | 70.4 | 61.0 | 0.40 |
| Obesity-related comorbidities (%) | |||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 22.2 | 30.5 | 0.42 |
| Hypertension | 29.6 | 28.8 | 0.94 |
| Psychological characteristics (score) | |||
| Pre CES-D | 9.7 ± 6.6 | 12.1 ± 6.8 | 0.12 |
| Post CES-D | 9.6 ± 7.7 | 14.1 ± 9.7 | 0.025 |
| Pre STAI-state | 39.9 ± 1.8 | 41.7 ± 1.2 | 0.43 |
| Post STAI-state | 40.7 ± 2.1 | 42.5 ± 1.4 | 0.49 |
| Pre STAI-trait | 42.1 ± 9.9 | 45.1 ± 12.8 | 0.29 |
| Post STAI-trait | 42.9 ± 10.8 | 45.7 ± 11.6 | 0.29 |
| Pre BES | 13.3 ± 7.9 | 12.4 ± 5.9 | 0.55 |
| Post BES | 5.7 ± 5.2 | 8.0 ± 5.6 | 0.076 |
| Pre dietary restraint (TFEQ) | 7.6 ± 4.1 | 7.7 ± 3.8 | 0.91 |
| Post dietary restraint (TFEQ) | 16.0 ± 3.1 | 15.1 ± 3.2 | 0.23 |
| Pre disinhibition (TFEQ) | 9.6 ± 3.5 | 9.5 ± 3.9 | 0.96 |
| Post disinhibition (TFEQ) | 5.7 ± 3.2 | 7.5 ± 3.5 | 0.024 |
| Pre hunger (TFEQ) | 6.4 ± 3.3 | 6.1 ± 2.8 | 0.68 |
| Post hunger (TFEQ) | 2.9 ± 2.5 | 3.9 ± 2.8 | 0.095 |
| Pre YFAS symptom | 2.0 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 0.81 |
| Post YFAS symptom | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 0.022 |
Quantitative data are shown as mean ± SD. Qualitative data are shown as percentage. Two-sample t-test and χ 2-test or Fisher’s exact test were used
Intervention was judged successful if the subject lost at least 10% of their initial weight during the weight loss intervention and had maintained the loss at 24-month follow-up. Intervention was unsuccessful for subjects who did not meet the above criteria at the end of the 24-months
Pre: data at the beginning of the weight loss intervention
Post: data at the end of the weight loss intervention
∆ BW: Body weight at the end of weight loss intervention minus body weight at the beginning of weight loss intervention
BMI Body Mass Index, BW Body Weight, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, BES Binge Eating Scale, TFEQ Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, YFAS Yale Food Addiction Scale