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. 2017 Jun 5;8:133. doi: 10.1186/s13287-017-0580-8

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 6 — Effect of TGF-β inhibition on bioactivity of soluble ECM. a Medium conditions for pellet cultures were further supplemented with 10 μM SB-431542. b Safranin O staining. Scale bar = 500 μm. c Normalized sGAG contents show blunted anabolic effects of medium supplements (p < 0.05, n = 9); dotted line indicates sGAG/dsDNA content of control medium (without SB-431542). d Gene expression analysis shows complete inhibition of exogenous TGF-β and blunted tissue-specific bioactivity of ECM supplements (p < 0.05, n = 9). In (c and d), statistically significant differences are indicated by overlying horizontal lines. cECM urea-extracted cartilage extracellular matrix, SB SB-431542, sGAG sulfated glycosaminoglycan, tECM urea-extracted tendon extracellular matrix, TGF transforming growth factor