Table 1.
Participant and small and non-traditional food store characteristicsa
| Participant characteristics (n = 594) | |
| Dependent variables | N (%) |
| Purchase of a fruit or vegetable (≥1 serving) | 49 (8) |
| Purchase of a whole grain (≥1 serving) | 50 (8) |
| Mean (SD) | |
| HEI-2010b of purchase | 31 (13) |
| Covariates | |
| Age | 40 (15) |
| N (%) | |
| Gender (male) | 341 (58) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Hispanic | 19 (3) |
| White Non-Hispanic | 285 (48) |
| Black Non-Hispanic | 214 (36) |
| Native American | 12 (2) |
| Asian | 22 (4) |
| Other | 20 (3) |
| Multi-race | 19 (3) |
| Education | |
| High school or less | 214 (36) |
| Some college | 220 (37) |
| College degree | 158 (27) |
| Employment | |
| Employed | 381 (64) |
| Unemployed | 149 (25) |
| Other (student, retired, disability) | 63 (11) |
| Store characteristics (n = 99) | |
| Independent variables | Median (Q1, Q3) |
| Pounds of fruits/vegetables (fresh and frozen) | 15 (0, 52) |
| Varieties of fruits/vegetables (fresh, frozen and canned) | 9 (5, 15) |
| Pounds of whole grains | 14 (2, 37) |
| Varieties of whole grains | 2 (1, 3) |
| Shelf space (in feet) | |
| Fresh fruit/vegetables | 4 (0, 9) |
| Unhealthy foods (snacks & sugar-sweetened beverages) | 359 (244, 420) |
| Ratio of fresh fruits/vegetables to unhealthy foods | 0.01 (0, 0.03) |
| Mean (SD) | |
| Healthy Food Supply Score (HFSS)c | 11 (5) |
| N (%) | |
| Healthy impulse buys at checkout | 62 (63) |
| Fruit/vegetable impulse buys at checkout | 20 (20) |
| Healthy ads/promos: exterior | 39 (39) |
| Healthy ads/promos: interior | 22 (22) |
| Fruit/vegetables visible from entrance | 35 (35) |
| Covariates | N (%) |
| Store type | |
| Corner/small grocery | 40 (40) |
| Gas/food mart | 30 (30) |
| Dollar store | 8 (8) |
| Pharmacy | 21 (21) |
| Number of aisles | |
| 0–4 | 30 (31) |
| 5–8 | 35 (36) |
| 9+ | 32 (33) |
| Number of registers | |
| 1 | 35 (36) |
| 2–3 | 39 (40) |
| 4+ | 23 (24) |
Q1 first quartile, Q3 third quartile, SD standard deviation
aData collected in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN in 2014
bPossible range 0–100
cPossible range 0–31