. 2016 Dec 9;102(3):914–922. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-3237

Table 1.

Baseline Features by Treatment Group

Baseline Feature	Pioglitazone (n = 1939)		Placebo (n = 1937)		P^a
Baseline Feature	n	(%)	n	(%)	P^a
Demographics
Sex, female	646	33	692	36	0.11
Age, y	63 ± 11		63 ± 11		0.99
Race, black	218	11	225	12	0.71
Hispanic ethnicity	75	4	72	4	0.80
Lived alone	564	29	574	30	0.71
Medical history
Stroke at entry	1693	88	1682	87	0.53
National Institutes of Health stroke scale	0 (0, 2)		0 (0, 1)		0.32
Modified Rankin score	1 (0, 2)		1 (0, 1)		0.38
Coronary artery disease	241	12	221	11	0.33
Health practices
Current smoker	323	17	299	15	0.30
>2(1) drinks/d if male(female)	153	8	121	6	0.05
Aerobic exercise	936	48	929	48	0.98
Cognitive and physical examination
3MS score^b	96 (92, 99)		97 (92, 99)		0.63
Body mass index	30 ± 6		30 ± 5		0.65
Hemoglobin A1c, %	5.8 (5.6, 6.1)		5.8 (5.5, 6.1)		0.89
Medications
Antidepressant	364	19	401	21	0.13
Proton pump inhibitor	392	20	371	19	0.40
Thiazide diuretic	521	27	499	26	0.42
Benzodiazepine or B_zRA^c	170	9	169	9	0.95
Epilepsy drug	65	3	51	2	0.19
Osteoporosis drug	46	2	62	3	0.12
Vitamin D^d	275	19	289	20	0.44

The ± values are means ± standard deviation. Continuous variables with skewed distribution are shown as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile). Participants with missing data by treatment group (pioglitazone, placebo) are: race (33, 33); Hispanic (12, 8); National Institutes of Health stroke scale (1, 1); modified Rankin score (0, 1); smoking status (3, 2); alcohol use (23, 27); aerobic exercise (8, 19); modified Mini-Mental State score (67, 69); body mass index (6, 6); hemoglobin A1c (1, 0); medications (7, 6); vitamin D (495, 506).

^{^a}

P from χ² test for proportions or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.

^{^b}

Modified Mini-Mental State examination score.

^{^c}

Benzodiazepine receptor agonist.

^{^d}

Query regarding use of vitamin D supplements was added in 2008.