Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all participants by tertiles of mean kidney length
| Characteristics | Mean Kidney Length | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Tertile (n=3567) | Second Tertile (n=3562) | Third Tertile (n=3122) | ||
| Range of kidney length, cm | 7.8–10.8 | 10.9–11.6 | 11.7–16.1 | |
| Men | 1773 (50%) | 2438 (68%) | 2604 (83%) | <0.001 |
| Age, yr | 59 (13) | 56 (12) | 54 (11) | <0.001 |
| History of vascular disease | ||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 813 (23%) | 699 (20%) | 537 (17%) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 1415 (40%) | 1474 (41%) | 1317 (42%) | 0.10 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 483 (14%) | 433 (12%) | 397 (13%) | 0.21 |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 203 (6%) | 193 (5%) | 190 (6%) | 0.50 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 531 (15%) | 635 (18%) | 808 (26%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, current or past | 2455 (69%) | 2597 (74%) | 2413 (78%) | <0.001 |
| Body height, cm | 170 (9) | 175 (8) | 179 (8) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 89 (12) | 94 (12) | 101 (13) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26 (4) | 27 (4) | 28 (5) | <0.001 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.8 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 142 (23) | 141 (21) | 142 (20) | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 82 (13) | 83 (12) | 84 (12) | <0.001 |
| Intima media thickness, mm | 0.85 [0.70–1.00] | 0.83 [0.70–0.98] | 0.83 [0.70–0.98] | 0.14 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 200 (52) | 198 (53) | 197 (56) | 0.07 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 23 (17–34) | 25 (18–36) | 28 (19–42) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 120 (46) | 119 (46) | 117 (45) | 0.02 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 52 (16) | 49 (15) | 45 (14) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 72 (18) | 80 (17) | 86 (17) | <0.001 |
| Albuminuria | 520 (15%) | 496 (15%) | 506 (17%) | 0.02 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.9 (1.0) | 6.0 (1.0) | 6.3 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Glucose-lowering drugs | 316 (9%) | 373 (10%) | 483 (15%) | <0.001 |
| BP-lowering drugs | 2412 (68%) | 2309 (65%) | 2118 (68%) | 0.01 |
| ACE inhibitors | 969 (27%) | 982 (28%) | 914 (29%) | 0.13 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 405 (11%) | 384 (11%) | 368 (12%) | 0.43 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 1933 (54%) | 1981 (56%) | 1759 (56%) | 0.19 |
Values are presented as number (percentage), mean (SD), or median [interquartile range]. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme.