Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of main study participants (n=6119)
| Clinical Characteristics | All, n=6119 | Missing Data, % | Complications during the First 180 d from the First Permanent Access Placement | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neither, n=3493 | Noninfectious Only, n=2084 | Any Infectious, n=542 | ||||
| Age, yr | 63.7 (14.9) | 30 (0.49) | 64.0 (14.9) | 63.7 (14.9) | 62.0 (14.6) | 0.02 |
| Men | 3540 (57.9) | 14 (0.23) | 2036 (58.3) | 1212 (58.2) | 292 (53.9) | 0.40 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 2475 (40.5) | 214 (3.49) | 1406 (40.3) | 838 (40.2) | 231 (42.6) | 0.03 |
| Current | 1122 (18.3) | 653 (18.7) | 365 (17.5) | 104 (19.2) | ||
| Previous | 1172 (19.2) | 626 (17.9) | 433 (20.8) | 113 (20.9) | ||
| Unknown | 1136 (18.6) | 687 (19.7) | 372 (17.9) | 77 (14.2) | ||
| Race | ||||||
| White | 3951 (64.6) | 0 | 2130 (61.0) | 1428 (68.5) | 393 (72.5) | <0.001 |
| Black | 919 (15.0) | 441 (12.6) | 382 (18.3) | 96 (17.7) | ||
| Asian | 1002 (16.4) | 781 (22.4) | 200 (9.60) | 21 (3.87) | ||
| Other | 247 (4.04) | 141 (4.04) | 74 (3.55) | 32 (5.90) | ||
| Access type | ||||||
| Fistula | 2263 (37.0) | 0 | 1419 (40.6) | 719 (34.5) | 125 (23.1) | <0.001 |
| Graft | 796 (13.0) | 333 (9.53) | 389 (18.7) | 74 (13.7) | ||
| Catheter | 3060 (50.0) | 1741 (49.8) | 976 (46.8) | 343 (63.3) | ||
| Regiona | ||||||
| North America | 3422 (55.9) | 0 | 1753 (50.2) | 1337 (64.2) | 332 (61.3) | <0.001 |
| Europe | 1682 (27.5) | 963 (27.6) | 545 (26.2) | 174 (32.1) | ||
| Australasia | 1015 (16.6) | 777 (22.2) | 202 (9.7) | 36 (6.7) | ||
| Dialysis durationb | 4809 (78.6) | 0 | 2579 (73.8) | 1789 (85.8) | 441 (81.4) | <0.001 |
| Timing of access insertionc | 4186 (68.4) | 0 | 2301 (65.9) | 1500 (72) | 385 (71) | <0.001 |
| Complications within 30 d | 1293 (21.1) | 0 | — | 1012 (48.6) | 281 (51.9) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2676 (43.7) | 25 (0.41) | 1445 (41.4) | 974 (46.7) | 257 (47.4) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2537 (41.5) | 75 (1.23) | 1371 (39.2) | 919 (44.1) | 247 (45.6) | <0.001 |
| Other cardiovascular disease | 1846 (30.2) | 59 (0.96) | 982 (28.1) | 691 (33.2) | 173 (31.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 4985 (81.5) | 63 (1.03) | 2780 (79.6) | 1740 (83.5) | 465 (85.8) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1015 (16.6) | 69 (1.13) | 568 (16.3) | 351 (16.8) | 96 (17.7) | 0.80 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1554 (25.4) | 67 (1.09) | 840 (24.1) | 565 (27.1) | 149 (27.5) | 0.90 |
| Diabetes | 2880 (47.1) | 72 (1.18) | 1604 (45.9) | 982 (47.1) | 294 (54.2) | <0.01 |
| Cancer | 827 (13.5) | 101 (1.65) | 447 (12.8) | 316 (15.2) | 64 (11.8) | 0.06 |
Summary measures: Mean (SD) is used to summarize age (in years); absolute N and relative (percentage) frequencies are used for all categorical variables. —, not applicable.
Region: North America includes Canada and the United States (49%); Europe includes Sweden, Belgium, France, Spain, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom; and Australasia includes Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.
Dialysis duration ≤30 versus 31–180 d at the time that participants entered the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study.
Permanent access insertion before or within 30 d versus at >30 d of hemodialysis therapy. Clinical characteristics after multiple imputation for missing data are reported in Supplemental Table 1.