Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample (n = 525)
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 525) n (%) |
Success (n = 392) n (%) |
Failure (n = 133) n (%) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (range) | 47 (18–86) | 48 (18–86) | 45 (18–85) | |
| Mean age [SD] | 45.9 (16.3) | 46.9 (16.3) | 43.2 (16.3) | 0.03 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–39 | 174 (33.1) | 126 (72.4) | 48 (27.6) | 0.40 |
| 40+ | 351 (66.9) | 266 (75.8) | 85 (24.2) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 234 (44.6) | 176 (75.2) | 58 (24.8) | 0.80 |
| Female | 291 (55.4) | 216 (74.2) | 75 (25.8) | |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 76 (14.5) | 55 (72.4) | 21 (27.6) | 0.89 |
| Midwest | 143 (27.2) | 105 (73.4) | 38 (26.6) | |
| South | 219 (41.7) | 167 (76.3) | 52 (23.7) | |
| West | 87 (16.6) | 65 (74.7) | 22 (25.3) | |
| Payer type | ||||
| PPO/Comprehensive | 365 (69.5) | 272 (74.5) | 93 (25.5) | 0.91 |
| HMO/Other | 160 (30.5) | 120 (75.0) | 40 (25.0) | |
| Etiology | ||||
| Congenital | 47 (9.0) | 33 (70.2) | 14 (29.8) | 0.78 |
| Tumor | 112 (21.3) | 87 (77.7) | 25 (22.3) | |
| Hemorrhage | 83 (15.8) | 61 (73.5) | 22 (26.5) | |
| Other | 283 (53.9) | 211 (74.6) | 72 (25.4) | |
| History of prior shunt | ||||
| No prior shunt | 433 (82.5) | 340 (78.5) | 93 (21.5) | <0.001 |
| Prior shunt | 92 (17.5) | 52 (56.5) | 40 (43.5) | |
| Index length of stay, mean [SD] | 9.9 [12.5] | 8.5 [10.9] | 14.2 [15.6] | <0.001 |
HMO = health maintenance organization, PPO = preferred provider organization, SD = standard deviation