Table 2. Model parameters and sources.
All costs are listed in 2014 United States Dollars.
| Base case (low, high) | Distribution (Parameters*) | Sources | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion of males with severe G6PD deficiency | 0.137 ± 50% | Beta (13.50, 85.05) | [24] |
| Proportion of females with severe G6PD deficiency | 0.050 ± 50% | Beta (15.17, 288.18) | Females with <30% activity (S2 Appendix) |
| Proportion of females with intermediate G6PD activity | 0.158 ± 50% | Beta (12.96, 69.04) | Females with 30–69% activity (S2 Appendix) |
| Sensitivity of CareStart G6PD RDT for severe deficiency | 0.99 (0.9 ‒ 1.00) | Beta (9.39, 0.09) | [18] (Low range from [16]) |
| Sensitivity of CareStart G6PD RDT for intermediate deficiency | 0.44 ± 50% | Beta (7.97, 10.14) | [18] |
| Specificity of CareStart G6PD RDT for males | 0.99 (0.75 ‒ 1.00) | Beta (3.01, 0.03) | [18] (Low range from [16]) |
| Specificity of CareStart G6PD RDT for females | 0.97 (0.68 to 0.99) | Beta (2.59, 0.08) | [18] (Low range from [16]) |
| Proportion who have at least one recurrence in the following year if treated with CQ | 0.732 | — | [23] (S1 Appendix) |
| Relative risk of having at least one recurrence in the following year if treated with CQ + PQ | 0.219 (0.158 ‒ 1) | Lognormal (-1.52, 0.47) | [23] (S1 Appendix) |
| Mean number of recurrences in those treated with CQ who have at least 1 recurrence | 3.537 (1 ‒ 8) | Bootstrapped data | [23] Each PSA iteration is the mean of 100 bootstrapped data points (S1 Appendix). |
| Mean number of recurrences in those treated with CQ + PQ who have at least 1 recurrence | 1.156 (1 ‒ 2) | Bootstrapped data | [23] Each PSA iteration is the mean of 100 bootstrapped data points (S1 Appendix). |
| Proportion who need a blood transfusion after taking primaquine if have severe G6PD deficiency | 0.109 (0.007 ‒ 0.15) | Beta (10.40, 85.01) | [27] |
| Proportion who need a blood transfusion after taking primaquine if have intermediate G6PD deficiency | 0.005 (0.001 ‒ 0.05) | Beta (0.09, 18.72) | [27, 28] Results for female heterozygotes |
| Proportion who need a transfusion due to hemolysis but do not receive it | 0.100 (0.010 ‒ 0.150) | Beta (8.77, 78.90) | Assumption for both severe and intermediate deficiency |
| Mortality due to not receiving a needed transfusion | 0.100 (0.010 ‒ 0.500) | Beta (2.22, 19.95) | Assumption for both severe and intermediate deficiency |
| Proportion of females who are pregnant | 0.11 ± 50% | Beta (14.05, 113.65) | Assumption |
| Proportion of females who need to take a pregnancy test | 0.50 ± 50% | Beta (6.92, 6.92) | Assumption. All women of childbearing age are tested unless they disclose pregnancy |
| COSTS | |||
| CareStart G6PD RDT | 1.75 (0.88 ‒ 10.00) | Gamma (0.38, 4.64) | RDT (1.50) [29] and administration (0.25) [30] |
| Primaquine pill | 0.06 ± 50% | Gamma (24.71, 0.00) | [31] 14 days of 30mg/day; 8 weeks of 45mg/week. Assumed weight = 60kg. |
| One session of supervised primaquine therapy by a community health worker | 1.67 ± 50% | Gamma (16.15, 0.10) | [32] One-half day of work for a medium accessible area with no incentives per supervision |
| Initial episode and clinical P. vivax recurrence | 7.86 ± 50% | Gamma (16.10, 0.49) | [33] Outpatient visit, excluding screening and treatment costs |
| Severe P. vivax recurrence | 196.22 (95% CI: 135.08 ‒ 271.39) | Gamma (31.48, 6.23) | [34] Inpatient visit for severe Plasmodium falciparum |
| Hemolytic episode requiring transfusion | 320.71 (166.03 ‒ 401.53) | Gamma (32.55, 9.85) | One unit of blood (25.31) [35] and 7 day inpatient stay (295.40) [33] |
| Pregnancy test | 0.10 ± 50% | Gamma (16.10, 0.01) | SMRU clinic records |
| DALYS | |||
| Proportion of P. vivax cases that are severe | 0.020 (95% CI: 0.013 ‒ 0.027) | Beta (31.41, 1539.05) | [2] |
| P. vivax mortality | 0.0001 (95% CI: 0–0.001) | Beta (0.09, 929.01) | Assumption |
| Life expectancy for males aged 20–24 in Myanmar | 48.9 ± 20% | Gamma (96.79, 0.51) | [36] |
| Life expectancy for females aged 20–24 in Myanmar | 52 ± 20% | Gamma (96.79, 0.54) | [36] |
| Length disability: clinical malaria | 0.008 (0.003 ‒ 0.019) | Beta (3.27, 404.86) | 3 days (range 1–7) |
| Length disability: moderate anemia due to clinical malaria | 0.083 (0.04 ‒ 0.17) | Beta (5.39, 59.33) | [37] 1 month (range 0.5 to 2) |
| Length disability: severe malaria | 0.019 (0.008 ‒ 0.027) | Beta (16.91, 872.94) | 7 days (range 3–10) |
| Length disability: severe anemia due to severe malaria or hemolysis | 0.250 (0.083 ‒ 0.500) | Beta (3.59, 10.76) | 3 months (range 1–6) |
| Disability weight for clinical malaria | 0.053 (0.033 ‒ 0.081) | Gamma (18.12, 0.003) | [38] infectious disease: moderate acute episode |
| Disability weight for moderate anemia due to clinical malaria | 0.058 (0.038 ‒ 0.086) | Gamma(21.70, 0.003) | [38] |
| Disability weight for severe malaria | 0.210 (0.139 ‒ 0.298) | Gamma (26.50, 0.008) | [38] infectious disease: severe acute episode |
| Disability weight for severe anemia due to severe malaria or hemolysis | 0.164 (0.112 ‒ 0.228) | Gamma (30.37, 0.005) | [38] |
* Parameters: Beta (alpha, beta), Lognormal (log (mean), log (standard deviation)) and Gamma (shape, scale).