Fig 2. Cytokine profiles of hepatic macrophages treated with Clonorchis sinensis ESPs.

Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-13 secreted by hepatic macrophages isolated from uninfected mice, as determined by ELISA, following treatment with either PBS (control), 100 ng/ml LPS, 10 ng/ml IL-4, or 10 μg/ml ESPs. The data are presented as the means ± standard errors of the means (SEMs) of the results obtained from at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (t-test).