Table 1.

Selected Characteristics of the NMR Metabolomics Subcohort and the BEAR Parent Cohort

demographic characteristics	NMR subcohort (n = 50)	BEAR cohort (n = 200)	.
	mean, median [range] or N, (N%)	mean, median [range] or N, (N%)	p-value
maternal age (years)	24, 23 [18–39]	24, 23[18–41]	0.9
maternal education			0.5
<high school	13 (26)	50 (25)
high school	25 (50)	95 (48)
>high school	12 (24)	54 (27)
gestational age (weeks)	39, 40 [34–41]	39, 40 [34–42]	0.9
gender of infant			0.5
female	27 (54)	96 (48)
male	23 (46)	104 (52)
exposure indicators (μg As/L)
Dw-iAs	53.9, 24.2 [<LODa–235.6]	24.6, 13.0 [<LODa–236.0]	0.001
U-tAs	61.4, 30.7 [6.2–319.7]	37.5, 23.3 [4.3–319.7]	0.001
U-iAs	3.4, 1.5 [0.22–23.0]	2.1, 1.3 [0.14–23.0]	0.001
U-MMAs	3.8, 1.3 [0.14–18.2]	2.3, 1.4 [0.12–18.2]	0.001
U-DMAs	54.1, 26.3 [5.3–292.5]	33.1, 20.6 [1.4–292.5]	0.001
U-iAs (%)	6.5, 5.3 [1.6–16.6]	6.1, 5.3 [0.77–45.1]	0.1
U-MMAs (%)	6.5, 5.9 [1.3–24.9]	6.4, 6.0 [0.68–24.9]	0.7
U-DMAs (%)	87.2, 88.2 [60.6–96.7]	87.6, 88.5 [32.7–96.7]	0.3
C-tAs (μg/L)	0.61, 0.322 [0.048–2.98]	0.37, 0.41 [0.004–2.98]	0.001
C-iAs (μg/L)	0.055, 0.010 [0.0010–.36]	0.039, 0.013 [0.00085–0.50]	0.001
C-MMAs (μg/L)	0.10, 0.050 [0.000042–0.56]	0.064, 0.043 [0.000042–0.56]	0.001
C-DMAs (μg/L)	0.45, 0.23 [0.047–2.70]	0.26, 0.17 [0.0031–2.70]	0.001
C-iAs (%)	9.2, 0.98 [0.088–69.5]	10.9, 4.6 [0.088–69.5]	0.5
C-MMAs (%)	15.8, 16.9 [0.088–33.5]	16.7, 16.8 [0.032–51.8]	0.3
C-DMAs (%)	77.5.0, 77.5 [21.6–97.8]	72.3, 74.8 [21.6–97.8]	0.04

^aLimit of detection (LOD) for iAs in drinking water is 0.456 mg As/L.