Table 1.
Model Comparisons of the Multilevel Models Predicting Key Outcomes
| Outcome variable and statistic | Model 1: null model |
Model 2: covariates only |
Model 3: lab-level PABs regarding science added |
Model 4: participant’s ethnicity added |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual-level PABs about science | ||||
| Model deviance | 1,634.32 | 855.9 | 848.31 | 832.27 |
| Likelihood ratio test | — | χ2(3) = 778.09, p < .001 | χ2(1) = 7.58, p = .006 | χ2(7) = 16.03, p = .025 |
| Experience of interest in research | ||||
| Model deviance | 1,828.53 | 1,015.97 | 1,009.54 | 987.8 |
| Likelihood ratio test | — | χ2(3) = 813.53, p < .001 | χ2(1) = 6.42, p = .011 | χ2(11) = 21.65, p = .003 |
| Interest in a science career | ||||
| Model deviance | 2,574.32 | 1,311.93 | 1,308.06 | 1,250.61 |
| Likelihood ratio test | — | χ2(7) = 1,262.39, p < .001 | χ2(1) = 3.87, p = .046 | χ2(13) = 57.44, p < .001 |
Note: The table presents results of likelihood ratio tests comparing Models 2, 3, and 4 with the immediately preceding models (i.e., thereby testing the efficacy of adding new parameters). Model 1 included 3 parameters for predicting each outcome. Models 2, 3, and 4 included 6, 7, and 14 parameters, respectively, for predicting individual-level prosocial-affordance beliefs (PABs) about science and experience of interest in research. Models 2, 3, and 4 included 10, 11, and 24 parameters, respectively, for predicting interest in a science career.