Table 2. Autonomic function tests in patients with CAN and non-CAN.

Variables	T2DM without CAN (n = 140)	T2DM with CAN (n = 62)	P value
HR response to deep breath	16.10 ± 0.80	9.98 ± 0.70	< 0.001
HR response to standing (R-R ratio)	1.10 ± 0.00	0.96 ± 0.00	< 0.001
HR response to Valsalva	1.3 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.0	NS
BP response to standing (SBP decrease)	4.7 ± 0.8	7.5 ± 0.8	< 0.001
BP response to handgrip (DBP increase)	16.0 ± 2.7	9.3 ± 0.9	< 0.001

Significance level, P < 0.05.

CAN = cardiac autonomic neuropathy, T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus, HR = heart rate, BP = blood pressure, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, NS = not significant.