Table 1.
Zeta potentials and hydrodynamic diameters of SiO2 NPs in honey at 25°C.
| Zeta potential (mV) | Hydrodynamic size (nm) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DW | Time | Concentration (%) | DW | Time | Concentration (%) | ||||||
| 1% | 2% | 5% | 10% | 1% | 2% | 5% | 10% | ||||
| −28.2 ± 1.0A,a | 1 min | −27.8 ± 0.8A,a | −28.4 ± 0.4A,a | −25.0 ± 0.9B,b | −20.6 ± 1.0BC,c | 287.6 ± 1.7A,a | 1 min | 311.5 ± 39.2A,a | 346.1 ± 52.7B,a | 537.4 ± 65.2B,b | 871.0 ± 36.1B,c |
| 1 h | −27.0 ± 0.9AB,a | −24.4 ± 0.5B,b | −25.0 ± 0.5B,b | −21.6 ± 0.4B,c | 1 h | 310.9 ± 4.5A,a | 355.2 ± 7.3B,a | 533.7 ± 75.4B,b | 882.7 ± 18.4B,c | ||
| 24 h | −26.7 ± 0.4AB,ab | −25.3 ± 0.8B,b | −22.7 ± 0.9C,c | −19.1 ± 0.8C,d | 24 h | 302.2 ± 14.0A,a | 367.1 ± 0.7B,a | 533.2 ± 29.2B,b | 840.5 ± 111.3B,c | ||
| 48 h | −25.6 ± 1.0B,b | −24.9 ± 1.0B,b | −22.1 ± 0.4C,c | −18.7 ± 0.6C,d | 48 h | 298.9 ± 9.7A,a | 382.9 ± 15.7B,a | 565.4 ± 43.5B,b | 799.5 ± 137.2B,c | ||
| 7 d | −19.1 ± 0.8C | ND | ND | ND | 7 d | 304.5 ± 17.5A | ND | ND | ND | ||
Different letters (A–C) in the same column indicate significant differences between incubation times (p < 0.05). Different letters (a–d) in the same row indicate significant differences between honey concentrations (p < 0.05). Zeta potential and hydrodynamic radius of NPs in DW were measured in the absence of honey as a control. Zeta potentials and hydrodynamic diameters could not be detected at 2–5% after incubation for 7 d due to aggregation (See Supplementary Figure 1). ND, not determined.