Table 2.
Factors Associated With Attitudes About Access to and Regulation of Personal Genomic Testing
| Demographic Characteristics | Expanded Availabilitye | Access Without Medical Professionalf | Government Should Regulate | Importance of Privacy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.04) | −0.05 (0.03) | −0.03 (0.02) |
| Female | −0.17 (0.05)c | −0.22 (0.12) | −0.01 (0.09) | 0.08 (0.07) |
| White (vs nonwhite) | −0.04 (0.07) | 0.24 (0.16) | −0.09 (0.12) | 0.00 (0.10) |
| More than college education (vs less than college) | −0.05 (0.05) | 0.09 (0.11) | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.15 (0.07)a |
| $40k‐$69k (vs <$40k) | −0.08 (0.08) | −0.04 (0.19) | −0.03 (0.15) | −0.22 (0.12) |
| $70k‐$99k (vs ≤ $40k) | −0.14 (0.08) | 0.07 (0.19) | 0.11 (0.14) | 0.04 (0.11) |
| $100k‐$200k (vs ≤ $40k) | −0.14 (0.08) | 0.07 (0.18) | −0.04 (0.21) | 0.04 (0.11) |
| $200k+ (vs ≤ $40k) | −0.02 (0.10) | 0.01 (0.22) | 0.00 (0.17) | −0.06 (0.13) |
| Insured | 0.17 (0.12) | −0.20 (0.28) | −0.04 (0.21) | 0.11 (0.17) |
| Liberal (compared to moderate) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.11 (0.15) | 0.26 (0.11)a | −0.01 (0.09) |
| Conservative (compared to moderate) | −0.15 (0.08) | −0.05 (0.18) | −0.49 (0.14)c | 0.14 (0.11) |
| Self‐rated healthd | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.04) |
| Genetic literacy | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.06) | −0.03 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.04) |
| Genetic self‐efficacy | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.05)a | −0.09 (0.04)a | 0.02 (0.03) |
| Genetic risk results | ||||
| Disease risk score | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.02) |
| Pharmacogenomic risk score | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.01) |
| Perceived response | ||||
| Any high‐risk results | −0.24 (0.07)c | 0.04 (0.16) | −0.22 (0.12) | −0.10 (0.10) |
| Feeling upset | 0.00 (0.06) | −0.38 (0.12)b | 0.05 (0.09) | −0.01 (0.08) |
| Pathway consumer (vs 23andMe) | 0.28 (0.06)c | −0.50 (0.13)c | 0.36 (0.10)c | −0.08 (0.08) |
| R‐squared | 0.083 | 0.061 | 0.0786 | 0.0247 |
Entries are regression coefficients from linear regression; standard errors (SE) are in parentheses.
a P ≤ 0.05
b P ≤ 0.01
c P ≤ 0.001
dSelf‐rated health is a measure ranging from 1 to 5, where 5 is poor health.
eThis is a combination of 4 items: parents should be able to get results for children; tests should be available more widely; insurance coverage; inclusion of genetic information in the medical record.
fThis is a combination of 2 items: tests like these should only be available through a doctor and people have a right to access their genetic information without going through a medical professional.