Table 1.
Maternal Demographic and Psychosocial Characteristics, Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
| Variable | Total – n (%) | Mbekweni – n (%) | TC Newman – n (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of mothers | 111 | 56 (50) | 55 (50) | |
| DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
| Self-reported demographic and psychosocial characteristics (antenatal study visit) | ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Black/African | 55 (50) | 55 (98) | 0 (0) | |
| Mixed race | 56 (50) | 1 (2) | 55 (100) | <0.001 |
| Age at enrolment, median (IQR) | 24.9 (21.7 to 30.6) | 27.4 (21.9 to 31.6) | 24.0 (21.7 to 27.5) | 0.065 |
| Married/Cohabiting | 42 (38) | 19 (34) | 23 (42) | 0.391 |
| Educational achievement | ||||
| Primary education | 8 (7) | 6 (11) | 2 (4) | |
| Some secondary education | 69 (62) | 35 (63) | 34 (62) | |
| Completed secondary education | 29 (26) | 11 (20) | 18 (33) | |
| Tertiary education | 5 (5) | 4 (7) | 1 (2) | 0.163 |
| Employed | 18 (16) | 6 (11) | 12 (22) | 0.113 |
| Average household income | ||||
| <R1000/month | 59 (53) | 31 (55) | 28 (51) | |
| R1000-R5000/month | 39 (35) | 22 (39) | 17 (31) | |
| >R5000/month | 13 (12) | 3 (5) | 10 (18) | 0.113 |
| SES quartile | ||||
| Lowest SES | 43 (39) | 28 (50) | 15 (27) | |
| Low-moderate SES | 29 (26) | 11 (20) | 18 (33) | |
| Moderate-high SES | 21 (19) | 12 (21) | 9 (16) | |
| Highest SES | 18 (16) | 5 (9) | 13 (24) | 0.023 |
| Primagravida | 35 (32) | 14 (25) | 21 (38) | 0.135 |
| HIV-infected | 21 (19) | 21 (38) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Median recent life events experienced (IQR) | 1 (0 to 3) | 1 (0 to 1.5) | 2 (1 to 5) | <0.001 |
| Lifetime tobacco use | 45 (41) | 7 (13) | 38 (69) | <0.001 |
| Antenatal tobacco use | 33 (30) | 2 (4) | 31 (56) | <0.001 |
| Lifetime alcohol use | 46 (41) | 8 (14) | 38 (69) | <0.001 |
| Antenatal alcohol use | 9 (8) | 2 (4) | 7 (13) | 0.094 |
| Antenatal depression (BDI), above threshold | 32 (29) | 16 (29) | 16 (29) | 0.952 |
| Antenatal depression (EPDS), above threshold | 29 (26) | 15 (27) | 14 (25) | 0.873 |
| Antenatal psychological distress (SRQ), above threshold | 27 (24) | 11 (20) | 16 (29) | 0.246 |
| MINI-diagnosed disorders (6 month postpartum study visit) | ||||
| Major depressive episode (lifetime) | 22 (20) | 9 (16) | 13 (24) | 0.317 |
| Major depressive episode (current) | 5 (5) | 1 (2) | 4 (7) | 0.206 |
| Alcohol dependence/abuse | 14 (13) | 5 (9) | 9 (16) | 0.267 |
| TRAUMA EXPOSURE & PTSD | ||||
| Self-reported trauma exposure (antenatal study visit) | ||||
| Childhood trauma, above threshold | 33 (30) | 13 (23) | 20 (36) | 0.130 |
| Any lifetime intimate partner violence | 55 (50) | 21 (38) | 34 (62) | 0.010 |
| Any recent intimate partner violence | 39 (35) | 14 (25) | 25 (45) | 0.024 |
| MINI-diagnosed disorders (6 month postpartum study visit) | ||||
| Trauma exposure | 80 (72) | 41 (73) | 39 (71) | 0.787 |
| PTSD | 22 (20) | 9 (16) | 13 (24) | 0.317 |