Table 1.

Characteristics of target avian piscivore species or species groups. For consistency, piscivores from each ecosystem are shown in order from large to small prey.

Species or group	Foraging Habits during Breeding Season	Fish Size Range	Fish Size Preference
Bald Eaglea	Opportunistic forager (active fishing and scavenger)	20–75 cm	36 cm
Ospreyb	Obligate piscivore, limited by weight of fish to carry	10–45 cm	30 cm
Loonsc	Obligate piscivore, limited by size able to swallow	10–25 cm	15 cm
Grebesd	Small fish specialist (also some invertebrates)	2–15 cm	6 cm
Belted Kingfishere	Small fish specialist (also some invertebrates)	1–10 cm	5 cm

^aBuehler, 2000

^bPoole et al., 2002

^cCommon Loon Evers et al., 2010; Yellow-billed Loon North, 1994

^dClark’s Grebe, Western Grebe, Ackerman et al., 2015

^eKelly et al., 2009