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. 2017 Jun 6;19:125. doi: 10.1186/s13075-017-1339-4

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 6 — Proposed working model for the role of HMGB1 in anti-MPO antibody-induced GEnC injury. HMGB1 could increase the expression of moesin on GEnCs and further the binding of anti-MPO antibody to GEnCs due to the cross-reaction of anti-MPO antibody to moesin. In such circumstances, GEnCs could be activated and sequentially be damaged. HMGB1 high mobility group box-1, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, MPO myeloperoxidase, RAGE receptor for advanced glycation end product, sICAM-1 soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, sVCAM-1 soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, TLR Toll-like receptor