Table 3.
Comparison of pre- and post-intervention scores of outcome measures
| Measures | Baseline (Pre) | 1-month (Post) | Difference | t | p | ES‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | ||||
| RAS (primary outcome) | −12.9 | (17.2) | −8.6 | (18.6) | −4.3 | (7.4) | −2.7 | 0.01* | 0.24 |
| BFNE† | 39.1 | (7.0) | 39.1 | (6.8) | 0.0 | (4.1) | 0.0 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| BJSQ | |||||||||
| Job-stressors† | 39.6 | (4.9) | 40.2 | (4.4) | −0.59 | (2.8) | 1.00 | 0.33 | −0.13 |
| Psychological distress† | 37.4 | (8.1) | 37.1 | (8.2) | 0.32 | (3.9) | 0.38 | 0.71 | 0.04 |
| Physical distress† | 19.5 | (7.0) | 18.7 | (5.9) | 0.82 | (3.4) | 1.11 | 0.28 | 0.13 |
| Worksite support | 19.0 | (3.8) | 18.4 | (4.7) | 0.59 | (2.6) | 1.07 | 0.30 | 0.14 |
| Satisfaction | 4.5 | (1.2) | 4.4 | (1.3) | 0.45 | (0.79) | 0.27 | 0.79 | 0.04 |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, †higher scores indicate greater severity or distress. ‡ categorize as small (0.20–0.49), medium (0.50–0.79), and large (≥ 0.80). Abbreviation: RAS, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule; BFNE, Brief Version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale; BJSQ, Brief Job Stress Questionnaire; ES, Effect Size