Table 1.

Study characteristics

Author (Yr Published)	Country	Recruitment Start	Type of Study	Cohort Subset	Follow-Up (Mo)	No. of Fistulas	Upper Arm, %	First Fistula, %	Age, yr	Men, %	DM, %	CAD, %	CHD, %
McCarley et al. (2001)58a,b	United States	1996	Retrospective	NM	11.0	39	.	.	55.3	51	36	.	.
McCarley et al. (2001)58a,b	United States	1996	Retrospective	DVPM	12.0	41	.	.	56.6	54	36	.	.
McCarley et al. (2001)58a,b	United States	1997	Retrospective	VABFM	10.0	43	.	.	56.1	59	34	.	.
Tokars et al. (2001)59	United States	1997	Prospective	Standard	5.2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Dixon et al. (2002)60	United States	1992	Retrospective	Lower arm	.	88	0	.	50.9	81	47	39	.
Dixon et al. (2002)60	United States	1992	Retrospective	Upper arm	.	117	100	.	57.8	56	56	49	.
Ravani et al. (2002)61	Italy	1995	Prospective	Standard	20.4	197	19	100	65.7	59	22	.	14
Saxena et al. (2002)62	Saudi Arabia	1996	Prospective	Diabetic nasal carriers of MRSA/MSSA	36.0	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Saxena et al. (2002)62	Saudi Arabia	1996	Prospective	Nondiabetic nasal carriers of MRSA/MSSA	36.0	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Stevenson et al. (2002)63	United States	1998	Retrospective	Standard	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Taylor et al. (2002)64	Canada	1998	Surveillance	Standard	6.0	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Tokars et al. (2002)65	United States	1999	Prospective	Standard	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Elseviers et al. (2003)11b	Europe	1998	Prospective	Standard	12.0	1049	.	.	.	56	.	.	.
Lok et al. (2003)66a	Canada	1997	Prospective	Duplex US Monitoring	9.2	189	30	96	57.5	71	.	.	.
Lok et al. (2003)66a	Canada	1999	Prospective	Transonic surveillance	10.4	241	30	96	57.5	71	.	.	.
Saxena et al. (2003)67b	Saudi Arabia	1997	Surveillance	Standard	.	.	.	.	47.5	54	.	.	.
Bonforte et al. (2004)68	Italy	1991	Prospective	Lower arm	27.0	112	0	.	71	50	22	.	.
Astor et al. (2005)69	United States	1995	Prospective	Standard	35.9	185	.	.	56.8	71	47	42	.
Gilad et al. (2005)70b	Israel	2002	Surveillance	Standard	.	.	.	.	63.5	55	48	44	21
Lok et al. (2005)71	Canada	1995	Retrospective	Nonelderly (<65 yr)	65.0	248	44	100	46	65	29	24	15
Lok et al. (2005)71	Canada	1995	Retrospective	Elderly (≥65 yr)	51.7	196	53	100	74	69	30	44	29
Mallamaci et al. (2005)72	Italy	.	Prospective	Standard	32.5	205	5	.	59.4	57	14	.	.
Shahin et al. (2005)73	United States	1992	Retrospective	Standard	21.0	146	51	100	54.9	58	49	53	.
Shahin et al. (2005)73	United States	1999	Retrospective	Qa surveillance	19.0	76	61	100	57.6	59	57	68	.
Jennings et al. (2006)74	United States	2003	Retrospective	Standard	11.0	134	91	74	61	54	52	.	.
Polkinghorne et al. (2006)75	Australia	2001	RCT	Standard	16.2	68	34	.	56.4	71	28	29	.
Polkinghorne et al. (2006)75	Australia	2001	RCT	Qa surveillance	17.3	69	36	.	60	65	35	28	.
Roozbeh et al. (2006)76a	Iran	.	Prospective	Standard	23.0	171	57	.	53	68	27	.	.
Huijbregts et al. (2008)5	The Netherlands	2004	Prospective	Standard	8.6	285	40	.	64.6	62	33	23	.
Pflederer et al. (2008)77	United States	2004	Retrospective	Standard	8.0	321	37	.	64.5	65	43	.	.
Pflederer et al. (2008)77	United States	2004	Retrospective	AVF-T	8.0	161	100	.	63.3	61	45	.	.
Qasaimeh et al. (2008)78b	Jordan	2004	Retrospective	Standard	12.0	104	.	.	.	52	32	.	.
Tessitore et al. (2008)79c	Italy	2002	Prospective	Standard	31.0	97	18	.	65.1	64	19	62	.
Tessitore et al. (2008)79c	Italy	2002	Prospective	Qa Surveillance	30.0	62	21	.	63.4	52	31	69	.
Koksoy et al. (2009)80	Turkey	2003	RCT	AVF-T	43.6	50	100	0	54.66	52	32	.	.
Koksoy et al. (2009)80	Turkey	2003	RCT	Upper arm	39.5	50	100	0	54.78	60	24	.	.
Papanikolaou et al. (2009)81	Greece	1986	Retrospective	Lower arm	.	.	100	.	.	45	8	.	.
Papanikolaou et al. (2009)81	Greece	1986	Retrospective	Upper arm	.	.	.	.	.	45	8	.	.
Korkut et al. (2010)15	Turkey	2004	Retrospective	AVF-T	48.0	350	100	.	57.8	44	51	15	.
Paul et al. (2010)82	United States	2006	Retrospective	Endo/AVF-T	14.0	98	100	47	60	40	49	.	.
Paul et al. (2010)82	United States	2006	Retrospective	Open/AVF-T	18.0	78	100	41	62	27	56	.	.
van Loon et al. (2010)13	The Netherlands	2007	Prospective	Rope ladder	.	70	39	84	65	67	21	80	.
van Loon et al. (2010)13	The Netherlands	2007	Prospective	Buttonhole	.	75	51	68	67	59	27	61	.
Jennings et al. (2011)83a	United States	2003	Retrospective	Elderly (≥65 yr)	17.0	461	38	77	73	49	60	.	.
Labriola et al. (2011)84	Belgium	2001	Retrospective	Standard	35.1	.	37	.	70.4	66	33	.	.
Ng et al. (2011)85	United States	1996	Prospective	Standard	6.0	476	.	.	61.1	73	49	47	34
Ayez et al. (2012)86	The Netherlands	2000	Retrospective	Upper arm	19.0	173	100	68	62.61	52	46	3	57
Renaud et al. (2012)87	Singapore	2008	Retrospective	Nonelderly (<65 yr)	12.0	191	41	100	52	60	70	41	.
Renaud et al. (2012)87	Singapore	2008	Retrospective	Elderly (≥65 yr)	13.0	89	39	100	72	55	71	49	.
Kandil et al. (2013)88	United Kingdom	2007	Retrospective	Buttonhole	.	227	.	.	63.8	61	46	.	.
Lin et al. (2013)14	Taiwan	2008	RCT	Infrared	12.0	60	15	100	63.2	53	47	17	.
Lin et al. (2013)14	Taiwan	2008	RCT	Standard	12.0	62	18	100	63	57	37	12	.
Macrae et al. (2013)19	Canada	2006	RCT	Buttonhole	.	70	84	83	77.2	73	49	61	.
Macrae et al. (2013)19	Canada	2006	RCT	Standard	.	69	75	86	66.1	67	54	42	.
Ravani et al. (2013)12	International	1996	RCT	Standard	.	3352	.	100	62.2	68	38	36	29
de Albuquerque et al. (2013)89	Brazil	2010	Surveillance	Standard	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Agarwal et al. (2014)90	United States	2005	Retrospective	AVF-T (1-stage)	.	61	100	.	59.1	.	.	.	.
Agarwal et al. (2014)90	United States	2005	Retrospective	AVF-T (2-stage)	.	83	100	.	61.5	.	.	.	.
Badawy et al. (2014)91b	Kuwait	2012	Surveillance	Standard	.	.	.	.	58.1	40	.	.	.
Lok et al. (2014)92	Canada	2000	Retrospective	Rope ladder	29.6	457	.	.	58.8	58	36	29	16
Olsha et al. (2014)93	Turkey	2005	Retrospective	Elderly (≥80 yr)	17.6	128	71	.	85	66	40	45	24

DM, diabetes mellitus; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHD, Congestive Heart Disease; NM, no monitoring; ., data not reported; DVPM, dynamic venous pressure monitoring; VABFM, vascular access blood flow monitoring; standard, all fistula locations; lower arm, a cohort consisting of patients only fistulas located in the lower arm; upper arm, patients with fistulas located in the upper arm, including transposed brachiobasilic fistulas; MRSA, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; duplex US, duplex ultrasound; RCT, randomized controlled trial; AVF-T, transposed arteriovenous fifistula; endo/AVF-T, a transposed arteriovenous fistula created using an endoscopic procedure; open/AVF-T, a transposed arteriovenous fistula created using a long open incision technique; rope ladder, rope ladder cannulation; buttonhole, buttonhole cannulation.

^aPercentage of patients whose diabetes was the cause of kidney failure.

^bBaseline data reported for fistulas and other accesses grouped together.

^cCAD was defined as presence of cardiovascular disease.