Table 3.
Clinical characteristics stratified according to skin sodium in mmol/L (23Na-MRI)
| Skin Sodium | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | <16.8 mmol/L, n=30 | 16.8–22.2 mmol/L, n=31 | >22.2 mmol/L, n=32 | P Value |
| Age, yr, median (range) | 54 (23–76) | 67 (46–75) | 70 (47–78) | <0.001 |
| Sex, men/women | 9/21 | 19/12 | 24/7 | 0.001 |
| Weight, kg, mean (95% CI) | 79 (73 to 86) | 85 (80 to 91) | 93 (87 to 99) | 0.005 |
| Height, cm, mean (95% CI) | 170 (167 to 173) | 172 (168 to 176) | 173 (170 to 176) | 0.40 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median (range) | 27 (18–37) | 28 (23–41) | 30 (23–39) | 0.02 |
| Office SBP, mmHg, mean (95% CI) | 129(123 to 135) | 133 (127 to 139) | 135 (131 to 140) | 0.22 |
| Office DBP, mmHg, mean (95% CI) | 81 (77 to 85) | 82 (79 to 86) | 78 (73 to 82) | 0.18 |
| 24 h-SBP, mmHg, mean (95% CI) | 122 (118 to 126) | 124 (121 to 127) | 132 (127 to 137) | 0.002 |
| 24 h-DBP, mmHg, mean (95% CI) | 78 (75 to 81) | 76 (74 to 79) | 77 (72 to 81) | 0.64 |
| Hypertension, % | 83 | 90 | 100 | 0.07 |
| Treatment resistant hypertension, % | 10 | 10 | 23 | 0.25 |
| Number of BP medications, median (range) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–5) | 3 (0–6) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor, % | 37 | 19 | 42 | 0.14 |
| ARB, % | 33 | 55 | 48 | 0.23 |
| β Blocker, % | 30 | 13 | 61 | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel antagonist, % | 13 | 32 | 71 | <0.001 |
| Diuretic, % | 17 | 45 | 91 | <0.001 |
| Aldosterone antagonist, % | 3 | 3 | 10 | 0.44 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 0 | 42 | 45 | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, % | 3 | 3 | 19 | 0.04 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, % | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, % | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0.05 |
| Diabetic nephropathy, % | 3 | 19 | 39 | 0.003 |
| Vascular nephropathy, % | 20 | 32 | 32 | 0.47 |
| Systemic disease, % | 13 | 13 | 19 | 0.73 |
| Primary glomerulopathy, % | 30 | 16 | 23 | 0.44 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl, median (range) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 1.3 (0.6–2.5) | 1.5 (0.7–4.3) | 0.13 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2, median (range) | 54 (27–127) | 53 (19–97) | 48 (13–88) | 0.24 |
| UACR, mg/g creatinine, median (range) | 42 (3–1147) | 10 (1–1519) | 67 (2–2670) | 0.03 |
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.