| 1 Depression scores |
10 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.1 Baseline mean scores |
10 |
1600 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.05 [‐0.05, 0.15] |
| 1.2 Mean score at end of group sessions (10 to 12 weeks after randomization) |
9 |
1142 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.17 [‐0.29, ‐0.05] |
| 1.3 Mean score at longest follow‐up (6 to 15 months after randomization) |
10 |
1139 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.26 [‐0.42, ‐0.10] |
| 2 Depression scores at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by depression score used |
10 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 2.1 Beck depression inventory (score out of 63) |
6 |
753 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.41 [‐2.61, ‐0.21] |
| 2.2 Hospital Anxiety and Depression score (score out of 21) |
1 |
71 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.12 [‐3.90, ‐0.34] |
| 2.3 Geriatric depression score (score out of 30) |
1 |
160 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.48 [‐2.83, ‐0.13] |
| 2.4 Centre for Epidemiological Studies (score out of 60) |
1 |
70 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.30 [‐4.03, 4.63] |
| 2.5 Self‐reported questionnaire (score out of 20) |
1 |
85 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.5 [‐3.91, ‐1.09] |
| 2.6 Profile of mood states (depression) (score out of 60) |
1 |
101 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐4.30 [‐10.47, 1.87] |
| 2.7 Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (score out of 60) |
1 |
66 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐4.72 [‐9.67, 0.23] |
| 3 Depression scores (trials with mean scores in the range of depression at baseline) |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.1 Baseline mean scores |
5 |
790 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.10, 0.18] |
| 3.2 Mean score at longest follow‐up |
5 |
628 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.20 [‐0.46, 0.06] |
| 4 Depression scores at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by control |
10 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.1 Standard care ± a minimal intervention (< 1 day) |
6 |
595 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.24 [‐0.45, ‐0.04] |
| 4.2 Alternative group sessions |
3 |
300 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.25 [‐0.71, 0.22] |
| 4.3 Individual therapy |
2 |
389 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.22 [‐0.42, ‐0.01] |
| 5 Depression scores (trials with mean scores in the normal range at baseline) |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 5.1 Baseline mean scores |
5 |
810 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐0.11, 0.30] |
| 5.2 Mean score at longest follow‐up (6 to 15 months after randomization) |
5 |
511 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.30 [‐0.48, ‐0.13] |
| 6 Depression scores at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by primary focus of intervention |
10 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 6.1 Stress management |
3 |
216 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.46 [‐0.73, ‐0.18] |
| 6.2 Coping |
3 |
396 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.14 [‐0.37, 0.08] |
| 6.3 Self‐efficacy |
1 |
229 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.13 [‐0.39, 0.13] |
| 6.4 Depression |
1 |
85 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.75 [‐1.19, ‐0.30] |
| 6.5 Adherence and depression |
1 |
66 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.43 [‐0.92, 0.06] |
| 6.6 Adherence |
1 |
147 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [‐0.30, 0.35] |
| 7 Depression scores at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by gender |
10 |
1139 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.26 [‐0.42, ‐0.10] |
| 7.1 Men only |
3 |
215 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.26 [‐0.55, 0.04] |
| 7.2 Women only |
1 |
229 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.13 [‐0.39, 0.13] |
| 7.3 Both men and women |
6 |
695 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.31 [‐0.55, ‐0.07] |
| 8 Anxiety scores |
4 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 8.1 Baseline mean scores |
4 |
697 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.11 [‐0.05, 0.27] |
| 8.2 Mean score at end of group sessions (10 to 12 weeks after randomization) |
3 |
420 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.25, 0.22] |
| 8.3 Mean score at longest follow‐up (12 to 15 months after randomization) |
4 |
471 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.12 [‐0.31, 0.06] |
| 9 Anxiety scores: at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by anxiety scale used |
4 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 9.1 State trait anxiety inventory (score between 20 and 80) |
1 |
70 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.80 [‐6.06, 4.46] |
| 9.2 Modified State Trait Anxiety Inventory (score between 10 and 40) |
1 |
229 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.61 [‐2.09, 0.87] |
| 9.3 Hospital Anxety and Depression Scale (score out of 21) |
1 |
71 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.4 [‐4.92, 0.12] |
| 9.4 Profile of Mood States (score out of 36) |
1 |
101 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.20 [‐2.64, 3.04] |
| 10 Anxiety scores: at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by control |
4 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 10.1 Standard care ± a minimal intervention (< 1 day) |
2 |
172 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.18 [‐3.73, 1.36] |
| 10.2 Alternative group therapy |
1 |
70 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.80 [‐6.06, 4.46] |
| 10.3 Individual therapy |
1 |
229 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.61 [‐2.09, 0.87] |
| 11 Stress scores |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 11.1 Baseline mean scores |
5 |
695 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.12 [‐0.03, 0.27] |
| 11.2 Mean score at end of group sessions |
4 |
533 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.06 [‐0.23, 0.12] |
| 11.3 Mean score at longest follow‐up |
5 |
507 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.04 [‐0.23, 0.15] |
| 12 Stress scores at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by stress score used |
5 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 12.1 Perceived stress score (score out of 40) |
1 |
70 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.70 [‐3.77, 2.37] |
| 12.2 Dealing with illness scale |
1 |
69 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.80 [‐7.62, 4.02] |
| 12.3 HIV‐related life‐stressor burden score (score out of 5) |
1 |
166 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.08 [‐0.06, 0.22] |
| 12.4 Life experiences survey (score out of 3) |
1 |
39 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.36 [‐3.00, 0.28] |
| 12.5 Impact of event scale (score out of 75) |
2 |
232 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.33 [‐3.60, 0.95] |
| 13 Stress scores at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by control |
5 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 13.1 Standard care ± a minimal intervention (< 1 day) |
3 |
274 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.37 [‐1.46, 0.71] |
| 13.2 Alternative group therapy |
4 |
454 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.09 [‐0.05, 0.22] |
| 13.3 Individual therapy |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14 Coping scores |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 14.1 Baseline mean scores |
5 |
1022 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.11, 0.14] |
| 14.2 Mean score at end of group sessions |
5 |
762 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.16, 0.19] |
| 14.3 Mean score at longest follow‐up (6 months after randomization) |
5 |
697 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.11, 0.19] |
| 15 Coping scores at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by coping score used |
5 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 15.1 Dealing with illness: coping subscale (score out of 120) |
1 |
69 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.90 [‐1.79, 5.59] |
| 15.2 Cognitive behavioural self‐efficacy scale (score out of 28) |
1 |
229 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.16 [‐1.29, 0.97] |
| 15.3 Coping self‐efficacy scale (score out of 260) |
2 |
236 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.76 [‐6.53, 10.05] |
| 15.4 Avoidant coping scale (score out of 69) |
1 |
163 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.70 [‐5.26, 1.86] |
| 16 Coping scores at longest follow‐up; subgrouped by control |
5 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 16.1 Standard care ± a minimal intervention (< 1 day) |
2 |
235 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.19 [‐0.21, 0.59] |
| 16.2 Alternative group therapy |
4 |
454 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.25 [‐0.67, 0.17] |
| 16.3 Individual therapy |
1 |
229 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.16 [‐1.29, 0.97] |
