Comparison 2. Incentive‐based interventions versus no intervention.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 HIV prevalence	2	3805	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.23 [0.51, 2.96]
1.1 HIV prevalence young women	2	2489	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.18 [0.36, 3.89]
1.2 HIV prevalence young men	1	1316	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.96 [0.18, 21.07]
2 HSV2 prevalence	2	7229	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.72, 1.36]
2.1 HSV2 prevalence young women	2	4089	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.18, 2.23]
2.2 HSV2 prevalence young men	1	3140	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.09 [0.85, 1.39]
3 Syphilis prevalence	1	1291	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.41 [0.05, 3.27]
3.1 Syphillis prevalence young women	1	1291	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.41 [0.05, 3.27]
4 Pregnancy prevalence (short‐term)	2	4200	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.58, 0.99]
5 Pregnancy prevalence (long‐term)	1	2891	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.73, 1.08]
6 Self‐reported sexual debut	2	7177	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.73, 0.95]
6.1 Young women	1	1016	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.68 [0.41, 1.13]
6.2 Self‐reported sexual debut young women and young men	1	6161	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.74, 0.97]
7 Self‐reported use of condom at last sex	1	4265	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.85, 1.12]
7.1 Used condom at last sex women and men	1	4265	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.85, 1.12]