11. Psychological function.
| Review | Outcome measure | Number of trials (and participants) reporting psychological function | Outcome result (postintervention or if only one measurement point) | Follow‐up | Additional statement/comment |
| Mental health | |||||
| Bartels 2007 | ‐ | 4 studies | SMD 0.16 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.032) favoured aquatic exercise | No significant difference at 6 months, 1 study | Very small effect size postintervention. |
| Busch 2013 | SF‐36 ‐ Mental health scale | 1 study | ‐ | n/a | No group differences. |
| Bidonde 2014 | SF‐36 ‐ mental Health scale SF‐12 ‐ Mental Health scale |
4 studies, n = 243 | MD ‐3.03 (95% CI ‐8.06 to 2.01) | n/a | No effect. |
| Anxiety | |||||
| Cramp 2013 | Brief Symptom Inventory | 1 study | "No significant effect" | n/a | ‐ |
| Depression | |||||
| Boldt 2014 | CES‐D | 1 study, n = 34 | MD ‐6.0 (95% CI ‐15.87 to 3.87) (P = 0.23) | n/a | No effect. |
| Busch 2013 | HADS ‐ Depression Beck Depression Index |
1 study, n = 21 | MD ‐3.70 (95% CI ‐6.37 to ‐1.03) Relative difference 57% |
n/a | Significant effect, favoured resistance training. |
| Cramp 2013 | CES‐D | Not reported | "Variable effect" reported in text only | n/a | ‐ |
CES‐D: Centre for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression; CI: confidence interval; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MD: mean difference; n: number of participants; n/a: not applicable; SF‐12: 12‐item Short Form; SF‐36: 36‐item Short Form; SMD: standardised mean difference.