Table 3.

Passive sentence comprehension accuracy in Experiment 2a

Participant	Baseline	Final post-test	Change score	Effect size
P1
Trained verbs	70	60	−10	−2.83*
Untrained verbs	75	60	−15	−2.12
All passives	72.5	60	−12.5	−3.54
P2
Trained verbs	33.3	60	26.7	1.75
Untrained verbs	56.7	40	−16.7	−2.89
All passives	45	50	5	0.58
P3
Trained verbs	50	50	0	0
Untrained verbs	45	90	45	6.36
All passives	47.5	70	22.5	1.27
P4
Trained verbs	60	10	−50	−5
Untrained verbs	40	10	−30	−1.13
All passives	50	10	−40	−2.31
P5
Trained verbs	30	20	−10	−0.37
Untrained verbs	52.5	10	−42.5	−2.49
All passives	41.3	15	−26.3	−1.46

Note. Scores represent percent accuracy for passive sentences with trained verbs, passive sentences with untrained verbs, and all passive sentences across the baseline sessions and in the final post-testing session. These scores were used to calculate change scores and effect sizes for each participant.

^*Because an effect size cannot be calculated when there is no variance between baseline sessions, here we substituted the standard deviation for all passives at baseline for P1 in the calculation of the effect size.