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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Marriage Fam. 2017 Jan 24;79(3):705–722. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12392

Table 2.

Material Hardship Measures by Private Financial Transfer Giving and Household Income, Race/Ethnicity and Relationship Status

	Income Tertiles						Race/Ethnicity						Relationship Status
	Bottom		Middle		Top		Black		Hispanic		White		Married		Cohabiting		Single
Gave PFT	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Gave PFT	28	72	63	37	58	42	43	57	27	73	30	70	33	67	36	64	37	63
Any Hardship	67	55^*	57	45^*	37	24^*	57	49^*	45	40^*	44	34^*	34	24^*	57	48^*	56	49^*
Hardship Domains (M)	1.4	1.0^*	1.0	0.8^*	0.6	0.4^*	1.0	0.9^*	0.8	0.7^*	0.9	0.6^*	0.6	0.4^*	1.1	0.9^*	1.0	0.9^*
(SD)	(1.3)	(1.2)	(1.1)	(1.1)	(.9)	(.8)	(1.1)	(1.1)	(1.2)	(1.)	(1.2)	(1.)	(.9)	(.8)	(1.2)	(1.1)	(1.1)	(1.1)
Difficulty Paying Bills	42	31^*	40	29^*	29	18^*	40	30^*	27	23^*	32	24^*	26	17^*	40	30^*	38	29^*
Food Hardship	27	20^*	14	12^*	7	5^*	14	14	14	14^*	14	11^*	8	6^*	15	14^*	16	15
Utilities Cut Off	38	27^*	26	22^*	13	9^*	27	25	21	18^*	19	13^*	11	9^*	28	23^*	27	24^*
Medical Hardship	8	6^*	9	6^*	6	3^*	6	5^*	9	6^*	11	6^*	5	4	10	6^*	7	6
Housing Hardship	21	17^*	13	11^*	5	4^*	12	13	12	10	10	8	4	4	13	12^*	15	14
N	1,419	3,694	1,988	3,341	2,269	3,107	3,340	4,358	1,101	3,035	1,025	2,381	1,294	2,579	2,081	3,652	2,302	3,911

Note:

^*

Indicates statistically significant differences between giving and not giving PFTS at p<0.05 from t-tests.