Table 5.
Individual Fixed-Effects Models Stratified by Income Tertiles, Race/Ethnicity and Relationship Status
| Any Hardship | Hardship Domains | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Logit | OLS | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| β(SE) | OR | β(SE) | OR | β(SE) | OR | β(SE) | β(SE) | β(SE) | |
| Income Tertiles | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Bottom | Middle | Top | Bottom | Middle | Top | ||||
| Gave PFT | 0.49** (0.11) | 1.59 | 0.12 (0.10) | 1.07 | 0.17 (0.11) | 1.15 | 0.20** (0.05) | 0.01 (0.05) | −0.04 (0.03) |
| Observations | 2,892 | 3,196 | 2,265 | 5,113 | 5,329 | 5,377 | |||
| Number of individuals | 796 | 868 | 607 | 1,527 | 1,537 | 1,536 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Black | Hispanic | White | Black | Hispanic | White | ||||
| Gave PFT | 0.32** (0.08) | 1.38 | 0.22+ (0.13) | 1.24 | 0.09 (0.16) | 1.09 | 0.08* (0.04) | 0.07 (0.06) | −0.00 (0.05) |
| Observations | 4,565 | 2,158 | 1,360 | 7,695 | 4,133 | 3,406 | |||
| Number of individuals | 1,233 | 598 | 367 | 2,196 | 1,255 | 970 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Relationship Status | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Married | Cohabiting | Single | Married | Cohabiting | Single | ||||
| Gave PFT | −0.07 (0.15) | 0.94 | 0.17+ (0.10) | 1.18 | 0.45** (0.09) | 1.57 | −0.06 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.15** (0.04) |
| Observations | 1,453 | 3,250 | 3,641 | 3,873 | 5,730 | 6,210 | |||
| Number of individuals | 391 | 883 | 995 | 1,122 | 1,680 | 1,798 | |||
Note: All models include individual fixed-effects, time and social support. The income tertile models also include relationship status, the race/ethnic models include relationship status and income, the relationship models include income.
Chow tests find that the bottom income quintile is significantly different (p<0.05) from the middle and top quintiles. No differences by race/ethnicity are statistically significant. Cohabiting and single results are statistically different from married results.
**
p<0.01,
*
p<0.05,
+
p<0.1