Table 4.

Hazard rate ratios (95%CI) of coronary heart disease at 12 years of follow-up for ten degrees increase in the spatial T wave axis deviation and for the comparison of the borderline and/or the abnormal categories with the normal spatial T wave axis category. Data stratified by gender. The ARIC study

Model	Women N = 7143		Men N = 5113
	Continuous T wave axis deviation*	Categorical T wave axis deviation**	Continuos T wave axis deviation*	Categorical T wave axis deviation**
Crude	1.16 (1.05–1.28)	1.59 (1.20–2.10) 1.69 (1.04–2.75)	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	1.11 (0.89–1.40) 1.27 (0.79–2.04)
Adjusted for age (55 yr)	1.15 (1.05–1.27)	1.58 (1.19–2.09) 1.64 (1.01–2.67)	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	1.10 (0.88–1.39) 1.23 (0.76–1.98)
Adjusted for age, height and weight	1.11 (1.00–1.23)	1.46 (1.10–1.94) 1.49 (0.92–2.44)	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	1.10 (0.87–1.39) 1.22 (0.75–1.97)
Adjusted for age, height, weight and QRS axis	1.10 (1.00–1.22)	1.44 (1.09–1.92) 1.47 (0.90–2.40)	1.03 (0.94–1.13)	1.07(0.84–1.35) 1.17(0.72–1.89)
Adjusted for age, height, weight, QRS axis and smoking	1.10 (1.00–1.22)	1.49 (1.12–1.99) 1.42 (0.87–2.32)	1.02 (0.93–1.12)	1.04(0.82–1.32) 1.09 (0.67–1.76)
Adjusted for age, height, weight, QRS axis, smoking, HTN, and DM	1.04 (0.94–1.15)	1.32 (0.99–1.76) 1.06 (0.64–1.77)	0.95 (0.86–1.04)	0.93(0.73–1.18) 0.85(0.52–1.39)

* Spatial T wave axis deviation was treated as a continuous variable and risk estimates are expressed for ten degrees (approximately 1 standard deviation in the distribution) increase in the spatial T wave axis deviation.

** Spatial T wave axis deviation was treated as a categorical variable and risk estimates are expressed for the comparison of the borderline category (30–45 degrees) to the normal category in the first row of the cell and for the comparison of the abnormal category (≥45 degrees) to the normal category (≤30 degrees) in the second row of the cell.

*** HTN and DM indicate hypertension and diabetes mellitus respectively. Hypertension status was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or current use of antihypertensive medication. Diabetes status was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, nonfasting glucose ≥200 mg/dL, or a physician diagnosis or pharmacological treatment for diabetes.