Table 2.
Sociodemographics and medical information of individuals with and without chronic constipation.
| Variables | CC (n=77) | Non-CC (n=1491) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| Median (Range) | 62 (50–85) | 62 (50–91) | 0.573 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| <25.0 | 43 (55.8%) | 1005 (67.4%) | |
| ≥25.0 | 34 (44.2%) | 486 (32.6%) | 0.046 |
| WHR | |||
| ≤0.85 | 36 (46.8%) | 602 (40.4%) | |
| >0.85 | 41 (53.2%) | 889 (59.6%) | 0.285 |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 64 (83.1%) | 1309 (87.8%) | |
| Single/divorced/widowed/separated | 13 (16.9%) | 182 (12.2%) | 0.286 |
| Educational level | |||
| <High school | 39 (50.6%) | 868 (58.2%) | |
| ≥High school | 38 (49.4%) | 623 (41.8%) | 0.195 |
| Current/past occupation | |||
| Manual | 57 (74.0%) | 1275 (85.5%) | |
| Non-manual | 20 (26.0%) | 216 (14.5%) | 0.009 |
| Menstrual situation | |||
| Postmenopausal | 64 (83.1%) | 1428 (95.8%) | |
| Premenopausal | 13 (16.9%) | 63 (4.2%) | <0.001 |
| Delivery history | |||
| Yes | 70 (90.0%) | 1465 (98.3%) | |
| No | 7 (9.1%) | 26 (1.7%) | 0.001 |
| Smoking history | |||
| Yes | 4 (5.2% | 42 (2.8%) | |
| No | 73 (94.8%) | 1449 (97.2%) | 0.281 |
| Alcohol-drinking history | |||
| Yes | 7 (9.1%) | 71 (4.8%) | |
| No | 70 (90.9%) | 1420 (95.2%) | 0.101 |
| Self-rated sleep quality | |||
| Good/fair | 45 (58.4%) | 1175 (78.8%) | |
| Poor | 32 (41.6%) | 316 (21.2%) | <0.001 |
| Meat-based diet | |||
| No | 68 (88.3%) | 1421 (95.3%) | |
| Yes | 9 (11.7%) | 70 (4.7%) | 0.013 |
| Frequency of fruit consumption | |||
| ≥4 days/week | 50 (64.9%) | 968 (64.9%) | |
| ≤3 days/week | 27 (35.1%) | 523 (35.1%) | 1.000 |
| Frequency of physical exercise | |||
| ≥3 days/week | 38 (49.4%) | 957 (64.2%) | |
| ≤2 days/week | 39 (50.6%) | 534 (35.8%) | 0.011 |
| Hypertension | |||
| Yes | 28 (36.4%) | 649 (43.5%) | |
| No | 49 (63.6%) | 842 (56.5%) | 0.239 |
| Cardiovascular disease | |||
| Yes | 14 (18.2%) | 375 (25.2%) | |
| No | 63 (81.8%) | 1116 (74.8%) | 0.179 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | |||
| Yes | 7 (9.1%) | 139 (9.3%) | |
| No | 70 (90.9%) | 1352 (90.7%) | 1.000 |
| Hyperlipidemia | |||
| Yes | 11 (14.3%) | 275 (18.4%) | |
| No | 66 (85.7%) | 1216 (81.6%) | 0.372 |
| Steatohepatitis | |||
| Yes | 18 (23.4%) | 370 (24.8%) | |
| No | 59 (76.6%) | 1121 (75.2%) | 0.790 |
| Diabetes | |||
| Yes | 14 (18.2%) | 205 (13.7%) | |
| No | 63 (81.8%) | 1286 (86.3%) | 0.310 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | |||
| <7.0 | 66 (85.7%) | 1351 (90.6%) | |
| ≥7.0 | 11 (14.3%) | 140 (9.4%) | 0.156 |
| Cholelithiasis | |||
| Yes | 10 (13.0%) | 244 (16.4%) | |
| No | 67 (87.0%) | 1247 (83.6%) | 0.527 |
| Thyroid disease | |||
| Yes | 8 (10.4%) | 187 (12.5%) | |
| No | 69 (89.6%) | 1304 (87.5%) | 0.606 |
| Abdominal and/or gynecological surgery | |||
| Yes | 23 (29.9%) | 389 (26.1%) | |
| No | 54 (70.1%) | 1102 (73.9%) | 0.507 |
CC – chronic constipation; BMI – body mass index; WHR – waist-to-hip ratio; FPG – fasting blood glucose.