Table 1.

Overview of definitions for different types of “hotspots”

Definition	References	Suggested term and alternatives
An area of elevated transmission efficiency (i.e., elevated reproductive number, R)	2,3,27,36	Transmission hotspot, transmission foci
An area with a high frequency of emergence or reemergence of diseases or drug-resistant strains.	40–44	Emergence hotspot
An area of elevated disease incidence or prevalence or a geographic cluster of cases	23,24,26,28	Burden hotspot, high burden country/province/and so on, hyperendemic region, case cluster