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Th1-mediated cytokine repertoire in Ascaris and Giardia coinfection, Ascaris-only infection, Giardia-only infection, and uninfected. Decrease in IL-2, IL-12, and TNF-α in Ascaris and Giardia coinfected children compared with Giardia-only infected children. IL = interleukin; Th1 = T-helper cell 1; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha.
