Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 39 children aged 3 years by infection group
| Characteristic | Uninfected (n = 8) | Giardia only (n = 11) | Ascaris only (n = 7) | Ascaris and Giardia (n = 13) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (%) | |||||
| Male | 37.5 | 36.4 | 28.6 | 61.5 | 0.440 |
| Female | 62.5 | 63.6 | 71.4 | 38.5 | |
| Nutritional status, mean (SD) | |||||
| Weight (kg) | 16.3 (3.1) | 16.8 (3.6) | 16.7 (2.5) | 16.6 (1.1) | 0.983 |
| Height (cm) | 105.3 (7.3) | 104.8 (6.5) | 106.2 (4.7) | 106.6 (4.3) | 0.885 |
| SES (%) | |||||
| Low | 25.0 | 27.3 | 28.6 | 30.8 | |
| Medium | 25.0 | 54.6 | 57.1 | 23.1 | |
| High | 50.0 | 18.2 | 14.3 | 46.2 | 0.488 |
| Residence (%) | |||||
| Urban | 87.5 | 81.8 | 71.4 | 69.2 | |
| Rural | 12.5 | 18.2 | 28.6 | 30.8 | 0.752 |
| Overcrowding (%) | |||||
| No | 50.0 | 54.6 | 42.9 | 46.2 | |
| Yes | 50.0 | 45.4 | 57.1 | 53.9 | 0.963 |
| Birth order, mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.9) | 3.6 (1.8) | 3.0 (1.6) | 2.5 (1.8) | 0.470 |
| Maternal factors | |||||
| Educational status (%) | |||||
| Illiterate | 12.5 | 9.1 | 14.3 | 30.8 | |
| Complete primary | 62.5 | 63.6 | 71.4 | 46.2 | |
| Complete secondary | 25 | 27.3 | 14.3 | 23.1 | 0.835 |
| Maternal ethnicity (%) | |||||
| Afro-Ecuadorian | 37.5 | 9.1 | 42.9 | 30.8 | |
| Other | 62.5 | 90.9 | 57.1 | 69.2 | 0.375 |
SD = standard deviation; SES = socioeconomic status. Household overcrowding defined by ≥ 3 persons per sleeping room. P values represent comparisons between the three infection groups using the Kruskal–Wallis or χ2 tests as appropriate.