. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 8.

Published in final edited form as: Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2015;24(4):639–649. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.4.03

Table 2.

Comparison of nutrient intake between participants without diabetes and those with type 1 diabetes, combined and stratified by insulin regimen

	No diabetes (n=1059)	T1D (n=97)	T1D		p T1D vs. no diabetes ^†	p basal-bolus vs. no diabetes ^‡	p fixed vs. no diabetes ^‡
	No diabetes (n=1059)	T1D (n=97)	Basal-bolus insulin (n=49)	Fixed Insulin (n=48)	p T1D vs. no diabetes ^†	p basal-bolus vs. no diabetes ^‡	p fixed vs. no diabetes ^‡
Energy intake (kcal/day)	1769±18	1560±60.4	1543±85	1578±86	0.001	0.01	0.03
Fat (% kcal)	33.8±0.3	36.0±1.0	35.7±1.5	36.4±1.5	0.04	0.21	0.08
Carbohydrate (% kcal)	49.9±0.3	47.2±1.0	47.5±1.4	46.8±1.4	0.01	0.10	0.04
Protein (% kcal)	15.3±0.1	16.2±0.4	16.3±0.5	16.1±0.5	0.02	0.06	0.15
Fiber (g/1000 kcal)	8.2±0.1	7.4±0.5	7.4±0.7	7.4±0.7	0.13	0.27	0.27

Note: T1D-type 1 diabetes.

Values are given as least square (LS) mean±SD from analysis of covariance, adjusted for sex (male versus female), age (< 22 years versus ≥ 22 years), and residence status (urban versus rural).

^†

p from pair-wise comparison of LS means from analysis of covariance. p > |t| for H₀: LS mean(type 1 diabetes) = LS mean(no diabetes).

^‡

p from pair-wise comparison of LS means from analysis of covariance. p > |t| for H₀: LS mean(basal-bolus or fixed insulin) = LS mean(no diabetes).