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. 2017 Jun 7;7:23. doi: 10.1186/s13561-017-0159-1

Table 4.

Panel co-integration test results

Pedroni Residual Cointegration Test CEMAC(HE < 15% GGE) Other african countries(HE > 15% GGE)
Statistic Weighted Statistic Statistic Weighted Statistic
Within-dimension (panel) Panel v-Statistic 5.320171*** −1.934143 −0.079408* −1.629980
Panel rho-Statistic 1.101854 1.583020 1.390759 2.080915
Panel PP-Statistic −6.944674*** −3.660656*** −4.191776*** −1.824957**
Panel ADF-Statistic −1.735961** −2.395129*** −3.924845*** −2.128257***
Between-dimension (group) Group rho-Statistic 2.199777 2.590251
Group PP-Statistic −4.895312*** −2.152590***
Group ADF-Statistic −1.533469* −2.641490***

GGE General government expenditure, GGHE General government health expenditure, HE Health Expenditure

The test statistics are normalized so that the asymptotic distribution is standard normal. *, **, *** indicate rejection of the null hypothesis of non-co-integration at the 10, 5,and 1% significance levels, based respectively on critical values of 1.281, 1.644 and 2.326

Source: Computed by author