Table 5.
Results of granger causality test
| Null Hypothesis: | Other african countries (PHE > 15% GGE) | CEMAC (PHE < 15% GGE) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obs | F-Statistic | Prob. | Obs | F-Statistic | Prob. | |
| Health Expenditure does not Granger Cause LGDP | 95 | 5.78615 | 0.0043 | 114 | 4.83873 | 0.0097 |
| GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Health expenditure | 2.04999 | 0.1347 | 13.5136 | 6.E-06 | ||
| Household consumption does not Granger Cause GDP per capita | 95 | 2.44313 | 0.0926 | 114 | 2.08910 | 0.1287 |
| GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Household consumption | 0.08120 | 0.9221 | 0.94095 | 0.3934 | ||
| Labour force does not Granger Cause GDP per capita | 95 | 3.76413 | 0.0269 | 114 | 6.57896 | 0.0020 |
| GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Labour force | 0.92280 | 0.4011 | 2.30750 | 0.1044 | ||
| Life expectancy does not Granger Cause GDP per capita | 95 | 0.93059 | 0.3981 | 114 | 0.10912 | 0.8967 |
| GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Life expectancy | 4.01096 | 0.0214 | 0.70521 | 0.4962 | ||
| Trade does not Granger Cause GDP per capita | 95 | 0.99131 | 0.3751 | 114 | 1.37170 | 0.2580 |
| GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Trade | 2.40805 | 0.0958 | 2.66348 | 0.0742 | ||
| Household consumption does not Granger Cause Health expenditure | 95 | 0.72830 | 0.4856 | 114 | 0.75915 | 0.4705 |
| Health expenditure does not Granger Cause Household consumption | 3.50142 | 0.0343 | 0.24121 | 0.7861 | ||
| Labour force does not Granger Cause Health expenditure | 95 | 4.42441 | 0.0147 | 114 | 11.4054 | 3.E-05 |
| Health expenditure does not Granger Cause labour force | 0.47943 | 0.6207 | 3.48352 | 0.0342 | ||
| Life expectancy does not Granger Cause Health expenditure | 95 | 1.05275 | 0.3532 | 114 | 0.38290 | 0.6828 |
| Health expenditure does not Granger Cause Life expectancy | 3.56348 | 0.0324 | 1.76211 | 0.1765 | ||
| Trade does not Granger Cause health expenditure | 95 | 1.15248 | 0.3205 | 114 | 1.58412 | 0.2098 |
| Health expenditure does not Granger Cause Trade | 0.29987 | 0.7417 | 0.39338 | 0.6757 | ||
| Labour force does not Granger Cause Household consumption | 95 | 3.07424 | 0.0511 | 114 | 1.31762 | 0.2720 |
| Cause Household consumption does not Granger Cause labour force | 0.39595 | 0.6742 | 1.63605 | 0.1995 | ||
| Life expectancy does not Granger Cause Household consumption | 95 | 1.79853 | 0.1714 | 114 | 0.97617 | 0.3800 |
| Household consumption does not Granger Cause life expectancy | 1.67952 | 0.1923 | 6.40920 | 0.0023 | ||
| Trade does not Granger Cause Household consumption | 95 | 1.76174 | 0.1776 | 114 | 2.22514 | 0.1129 |
| Household consumption does not Granger Cause Trade | 0.39271 | 0.6764 | 0.34313 | 0.7103 | ||
| Life expectancy does not Granger Cause labour force | 95 | 0.09075 | 0.9133 | 114 | 0.89907 | 0.4099 |
| labour force does not Granger Cause life expectancy | 8.89750 | 0.0003 | 8.63025 | 0.0003 | ||
| Trade does not Granger Cause labour force | 95 | 0.21222 | 0.8092 | 114 | 4.22751 | 0.0171 |
| labour force does not Granger Cause trade | 0.09455 | 0.9099 | 4.14838 | 0.0184 | ||
| Trade does not Granger Cause life expectancy | 95 | 1.88887 | 0.1572 | 114 | 2.75488 | 0.0680 |
| Life expectancy does not Granger Cause Trade | 1.16546 | 0.3164 | 0.01484 | 0.9853 | ||
Source: Computed by author