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. 2017 May 16;29(5):863–868. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.863

Table 1. Measurements grouped by age.

3 years old
(n=23)
4 years old
((n=24)
5 years old
((n=24)
6 years old
((n=23)
Age differencea)
(p-value (n=94)
Height (cm) 95.7 ± 2.97 101 ± 4.36 109 ± 2.49 114 ± 5.44 **
Weight (kg) 14.6 ± 1.78 16.4 ± 2.64 18.9 ± 1.71 21.1 ± 5.13 **
Grip strength (kg) 3.87 ± 1.20 5.03 ± 1.30 6.92 ± 1.64 8.08 ± 1.57 **
Maximum occlusal force (N) 171 ± 80.9 218 ± 129 224 ± 92.9 271 ± 129 *
Thickness of the masseter muscle (mm) 11.0 ± 1.37 9.83 ± 1.52 10.3 ± 2.05 10.7 ± 2.06 -
Thickness of the lower limb muscle (mm) 29.2 ± 5.31 31.9 ± 5.78 34.4 ± 6.51 35.9 ± 5.12 *
Thickness of fat mass at the masseter (mm) 6.26 ± 0.85 5.58 ± 1.11 5.54 ± 1.00 5.39 ± 1.17 *
Thickness of Fat mass at the lower limb (mm) 5.48 ± 1.02 5.00 ± 1.15 5.29 ± 1.46 5.52 ± 1.41 -
Skeletal muscle mass (kg) 5.22 ± 0.70 6.08 ± 0.93 7.29 ± 1.11 8.03 ± 1.51 **
Body fat mass (kg) 2.72 ± 1.36 3.13 ± 1.41 3.40 ± 1.15 4.30 ± 3.01 -
Calf circumference (cm) 21.9 ± 1.80 22.5 ± 1.89 24.0 ± 1.38 24.7 ± 2.90 **

a)Kruskal-Wallis test, *p<0.05, **p<0.01. Data are presented as a mean ± standard deviation.