Table 4.
Comparison of estrogen receptor-α gene polymorphisms in subtypes of osteoarthritis patients and control individuals
| Clinical subtypes | Genotype distributionsa | Allele frequenciesb | ||||||||||||||
| PvuII | XbaI | BtgI | PvuII | XbaI | BtgI | |||||||||||
| TT | TC | CC | AA | AG | GG | GG | GA | AA | T | C | A | G | G | A | ||
| Women (n = 98) | 43 (43.9) | 42 (42.8) | 13 (13.3) | 64 (65.3) | 33 (33.7) | 1 (1.00) | 57 (58.2) | 35 (35.7) | 6 (6.10) | 128 (65.3) | 68 (34.7) | 161 (82.1) | 35 (17.9) | 149 (76.0) | 47 (24.0) | |
| χ2 = 3.84; P = 0.15 | χ2 = 1.05; P = 0.59 | χ2 = 0.23; P = 0.89 | 1.15 (0.80–1.64); P = 0.45 | 0.91 (0.58–1.41); P = 0.67 | 1.10 (0.74–1.65); P = 0.63 | |||||||||||
| Men (n = 53) |
18 (34.0) | 26 (49.0) | 9 (17.0) | 34 (64.1) | 16 (30.2) | 3 (5.70) | 27 (75.5) | 22 (20.7) | 4 (3.80) | 62 (58.5) | 44 (41.5) | 84 (79.2) | 22 (20.8) | 76 (71.78) | 30 (28.3) | |
| χ2 = 1.69; P = 0.43 | χ2 = 0.07; P = 0.96 | χ2 = 6.28; P = 0.043 | 0.82 (0.53–1.27); P = 0.38 | 1.04 (0.62–1.78); P = 0.86 | 1.89 (1.15–3.11); P = 0.011 | |||||||||||
| Early onsetc (n = 85) | 34 (40.0) | 41 (48.2) | 10 (11.8) | 52 (61.2) | 31 (36.5) | 2 (2.30) | 51 (60.0) | 29 (34.1) | 5 (5.90) | 109 (64.1) | 61 (35.9) | 135 (79.4) | 35 (20.6) | 131 (77.1) | 39 (22.9) | |
| χ2 = 0.82; P = 0.66 | χ2 = 1.00; P = 0.60 | χ2 = 0.77; P = 0.68 | 0.893 (0.63–1.25); P = 0.50 | 1.06 (0.70–1.60); P = 0.78 | 1.20 (0.80–1.78); P = 0.37 | |||||||||||
| Late onsetc (n = 66) | 27 (40.9) | 27 (40.9) | 12 (18.2) | 46 (69.7) | 18 (27.3) | 2 (3.00) | 33 (50.0) | 28 (42.4) | 5 (7.60) | 81 (61.4) | 51 (38.6) | 110 (83.3) | 22 (16.7) | 94 (71.2) | 38 (28.8) | |
| χ2 = 0.67; P = 0.71 | χ2 = 0.68; P = 0.71 | χ2 = 5.40; P = 0.07 | 1.00 (0.68–1.46); P = 0.99 | 1.82 (0.50–1.33); P = 0.42 | 1.63 (1.07–2.46); P = 0.021 | |||||||||||
| Mildd(n = 90) | 44 (48.9) | 33 (36.7) | 13 (14.4) | 67 (74.5) | 21 (23.3) | 2 (2.20) | 50 (55.6) | 33 (36.76) | 7 (7.80) | 121 (67.2) | 59 (32.8) | 155 (86.1) | 25 (13.9) | 133 (73.9) | 47 (26.1) | |
| χ2 = 3.58; P = 0.17 | χ2 = 3.32; P = 0.19 | χ2 = 0.30; P = 0.19 | 0.77 (0.55–1.09); P = 0.14 | 0.66 (0.42–1.04); P = 0.07 | 1.42 (0.98–2.07); P = 0.06 | |||||||||||
| Severed (n = 61) | 17 (27.9) | 35 (57.4) | 9 (14.7) | 31 (50.8) | 28 (45.9) | 2 (3.30) | 34 (55.7) | 24 (39.3) | 3 (4.90) | 69 (56.6) | 53 (43.4) | 90 (73.8) | 32 (26.2) | 92 (75.4) | 30 (24.6) | |
| χ2 = 2.99; P = 0.22 | χ2 = 4.76; P = 0.09 | χ2 = 1.92; P = 0.38 | 1.22 (0.83–1.79); P = 0.31 | 1.45 (0.94–2.26); P = 0.09 | 1.31 (0.84–2.05); P = 0.23 | |||||||||||
| Good indexe (n = 82) | 32 (39.0) | 35 (42.7) | 15 (18.3) | 52 (63.4) | 28 (34.2) | 2 (2.40) | 45 (54.9) | 31 (37.8) | 6 (7.30) | 99 (60.4) | 65 (39.6) | 132 (80.5) | 32 (19.5) | 121 (73.8) | 43 (26.2) | |
| χ2 = 0.68; P = 0.78 | χ2 = 0.48; P = 0.78 | χ2 = 3.16; P = 0.21 | 1.04 (0.74–1.47); P = 0.82 | 0.99 (0.65–1.51); P = 0.97 | 1.43 (0.97–2.11); P = 0.07 | |||||||||||
| Poor indexe (n = 69) | 29 (42.0) | 33 (47.8) | 7 (10.2) | 46 (66.7) | 21 (30.4) | 2 (2.90) | 39 (56.5) | 26 (37.7) | 4 (5.80) | 91 (65.9) | 47 (34.1) | 113 (81.9) | 25 (18.1) | 104 (75.4) | 34 (24.6) | |
| χ2 = 1.44; P = 0.49 | χ2 = 0.20; P = 0.90 | χ2 = 1.72; P = 0.42 | 0.82 (0.56–1.20); P = 0.30 | 0.90 (0.57–1.44); P = 0.67 | 1.32 (0.86–2.01); P = 0.20 | |||||||||||
aControl versus patients using the χ2 test with 3 × 2 contingency table. bControl versus patients using the χ2 test with 2 × 2 contingency table. cEarly onset osteoarthritis OA patients were defined as those with disease onset at age under 52 years, whereas late onset OA patients were those with onset at age over 52 years. dBased on radiographic findings, OA patients were classified into mild (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1 or 2) or severe (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 or 4). eBased on Lequesne's functional index score, poor OA patients were defined as those with an index score over 10, whereas good OA patients had an index score less than or equal to 10.